Turbidite Origin of Glaciolacustrine Sediments, Woodcock Lake, Pennsylvania

Harrison, Samuel S.

doi:10.1306/212f6e29-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Seasonal ice cover and precipitation patterns associated with summer melting were probably important controls on sedimentation (e.g., Gilbert 1975). Rhythmites may record a combination of annual (Breckenridge et al 2004) or diurnal (Schneider and Bronge, 1996) cycles of sedimentation, storms, or rapid snow melt events (Lamoureux 2000); sediment gravity flows in a prodeltaic environment (Harrison 1975); or distal subaquatic fan sedimentation (Gravenor and Coyle 1985). Small deformation structures are likely caused by loading and dewatering of sediments during discrete sedimentation events.…”

Section: Su3: Silt and Clay Rhythmites With Diamict Horizonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic analysis of Late Wisconsin and Holocene glaciolacustrine deposits exposed along the Nottawasaga River, southern Ontario, Canada

2018

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Analysis of 56 outcrop exposures in cut banks along the Nottawasaga River in southern Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada, has led to the identification of eight stratigraphic units (SU1–SU8) that represent a record of changing environmental conditions during deglaciation and exhibit strong controls on shallow groundwater flow in the region. The stratigraphic succession is floored by the Late Wisconsin Newmarket Till (SU1), which is locally overlain by ice-proximal debris flow deposits (SU2). These glacial sediments are overlain by glaciolacustrine silt rhythmites (SU3) that pass upwards into deltaic sand (SU4) and channelized fluviodeltaic sand and gravel (SU5). Lying above the fluvial deposits are widespread interbedded glaciolacustrine sands and silt (SU6), which coarsen up-section toward the ground surface. The succession is locally capped by fluviodeltaic (SU7) and younger fluvial (SU8) deposits. These SUs record sedimentary environments that existed during deglaciation of the region and provide insight into the evolution of glacial lakes Schomberg and Algonquin and the Nipissing phase of the upper Great Lakes. The environmental changes described from sediments along the Nottawasaga River provide insights into basin-scale events that occurred throughout the upper Great Lakes during deglaciation. Qualitative observations of groundwater discharge from sediments at outcrop faces are used to characterize the hydraulic function of the stratigraphic units as well as possible preferential groundwater flow pathways in the shallow subsurface.

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Section: Su3: Silt and Clay Rhythmites With Diamict Horizonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic analysis of Late Wisconsin and Holocene glaciolacustrine deposits exposed along the Nottawasaga River, southern Ontario, Canada

2018

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Sedimentation processes and patterns in a glacier-fed lake with low sediment input

Smith¹

1978

Can. J. Earth Sci.

131

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Hector Lake, situated in the eastern Rocky Mountains of western Alberta, is fed primarily by nival and glacial meltwater. During summer when the lake is thermally stratified, inflowing water and fine sediment enter the lake as overflows and shallow interflows that are transformed into complex, but mostly downlake, epilimnial currents generated by downlake katabatic winds. Coriolis deflections produce a strong right-hand tendency in sedimentation patterns, with resulting crosslake (south-to-north) as well as downlake (west-to-east) proximal-distal trends: reduction in grain size, sedimentation rates, total carbonate, dolomitel(dolomite + calcite) and varve thickness.Laminae in bottom sediments are produced by inflow variations that are largely dependent upon air temperature. Five orders of inflow, and thus sediment input, variation capable of producing laminae are recognized: diurnal, subseasonal (short-term weather changes), seasonal (nival melt vs. glacial melt), annual and exceptional inflow events. Based upon laminae character, four facies of glacier-derived and one of non-glacier-derived bottom sediments are recognized in Hector Lake.Le lac Hector, situe dans la partie est des Rocheuses dans I'ouest de I'Alberta, est alimente surtout par I'eau de fonte nivale et glaciaire. Au cours de l'ete, quand le lac est thermiquement stratifie, I'eau et les sediments fins se ddversent dans le lac sous forme de ruissellement de surface et d'ecoulement hypodermique qui se transforment en courants epilimniques complexes mais diriges surtout en aval poussks par des vents catabatiques diriges vers I'aval. Les deflections de Coriolis produisent une forte asymetrie vers ladroite dans les patrons de sedimentation avec pour resultat des tendances proximales-distales sur la largeur du lac (du sud au nord) et sur la longueur (de I'ouest vers I'est): reduction de la taille des particules, du taux de sedimentation, du carbonate total, du rapport dolornite/(dolomite + calcite) et de I'epaisseur des varves.Les laminae dans les sediments du fond sont produites par des fluctuations dans I'alimentation qui dependent surtout de la temperature de I'air. On reconnait cinq ordres de variation dans l'alimentation, et ainsi dans I'apport de sediments, capables de produire des laminae: les variations diurnes, episodiques (changements climatiques de courte pkriode), saisonnieres (fonte nivale par rapport a fonte glaciaire), annuelles et exceptionnelles. En se basant sur les caracteres des laminae, on reconnait dans le lac Hector quatre facies glaciaires de sediments de fond et un facies non glaciaire.Can. J . Earth Sci., 15,741-756 (1978) [Traduit par le journal]

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Sedimentation in proglacial Sunwapta Lake, Alberta

Gilbert¹,

Shaw²

1981

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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The hydrologic and limnologic conditions of Sunwapta Lake, a small proglacial lake in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, were investigated with special reference to the sedimentology of this lake. Discharge and suspended sediment concentrations of the inflowing streams were measured to give estimates of sediment input. Distribution of large loads of fine glacial sediment is largely by an inflow- and wind-controlled circulation, which commonly fluctuates diurnally. The spatial distribution of sedimentation was determined by use of sediment-collecting pans placed on the lake bed. Turbidity currents are rare with only one event monitored in 2 years. This event was caused by a burst of highly sediment-charged inflow water. The rarity of turbidity currents is attributed to the high sediment concentration in the lake water, which results from the small size of the lake in relation to the inflow. Wind-generated water movement at the lake floor ranges from 0.0–0.03 m/s while the maximum recorded velocity of the turbidity currents was 0.32 m/s.Sedimentation rates are calculated and six cores from the lake bed, each containing sediment deposited over several years, are described. Although bedding and lamination are found in all cores, correlation between cores was not possible. Sedimentary characteristics are related to inflow and lake conditions: laminated and massive beds of medium to fine sand and silt are related to turbidity events, graded laminae in coarse and fine silt to diurnal variations in lake currents, and massive beds in silt to periods of continuous sedimentation without diurnal variation. Deformed beds result from subaqueous slumps.

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Turbidite Origin of Glaciolacustrine Sediments, Woodcock Lake, Pennsylvania

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Stratigraphic analysis of Late Wisconsin and Holocene glaciolacustrine deposits exposed along the Nottawasaga River, southern Ontario, Canada

Stratigraphic analysis of Late Wisconsin and Holocene glaciolacustrine deposits exposed along the Nottawasaga River, southern Ontario, Canada

Sedimentation processes and patterns in a glacier-fed lake with low sediment input

Sedimentation in proglacial Sunwapta Lake, Alberta

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