Turbula mixing characteristics of carbide powders and its influence on laser processing of stainless steel composite coatings

Obadele, Babatunde Abiodun; Masuku, Z. H.; Olubambi, Peter Apata

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2012.07.025

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It can assert that the beads with 30% of NbC, compared to the ones with 10%, the beads with a higher level of NbC reinforced material (Fig. 14b) showed up a greater quantity of sites, where was found pores, due to the increase in the amount of interface matrix/carbide, as described by Rohatgi et al [109]. However, with 30% of reinforcing, there was a reduction in the volume of the pores, in comparison with de depositions with 10%, as can be noticed in Fig.…”

Section: Macrostructural Evaluation Of the Depositions With 30% Nbcsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Rohatgi et al [109] state that with the increase of the amount of Al 2 O 3 as reinforced material, there was a boost in the level of porosity on the composites coatings, which was always found in the interface matrix/reinforce by the authors. On the other hand, Deuis et al [27] reported that with the increase in the quantity of ceramic reinforcing, it was observed a decrease in the percentage of porosity in the composites depositions.…”

Section: Macrostructural Evaluation Of the Depositions With 30% Nbcmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Effect of laser cladding parameters in NbC reinforced 316L austenitic stainless steel composite depositions on a mild steel

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Araújo

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The cladding process aims to improve mechanical, chemical, and physical features in metal surfaces.The laser cladding process is frequently used to promote such alterations through deposition of metals/alloys with superior mechanical behavior on the substrate. In this contribution, an ASTM A36 mild steel was covered with AISI 316L reinforced with NbC powder as a ller metal using multiple laser deposition steps. The effect of the studied parameters on the geometry, surface appearance, dilution, and macrostructural features were evaluated. The laser power, deposition speed, and powder ux were altered, while the other parameters were kept constant. Increases in power and scanning speed resulted in increased dilution region, whereas the coating material rising led to decreased dilution. The welding speed and the powder ow strongly in uence the penetration in the bead-on-plate deposits. This behavior was attributed to the beam's interaction with the substrate due to the named shadow effect. The metal ow in the deposit is governed by the Marangoni effect, which in the case of the laser process presents a single upward ow direction in the center and descending from the surface and the sides, which determines the location of the particles and pores when used 10% of NbC reinforcing particles. For 30% NbC, particle distribution and porosities are homogeneous inside the pool, due to the more signi cant agitation produced by the NbC. The porosities are associated with the particles' dragging of gas towards the pool and NbC precipitate dissolution. IntroductionComponents and equipment need to be reliable and suitable for their applications in face of severe environmental conditions, such as elevated temperatures and pressures, corrosive atmosphere, and high mechanical loads [1, 2] Rigorous procedures and materials are selected in many situations in order to maintain safety and reliability during the operations [3, 4]. In this context, the development of material and the optimization process are required to achieve a such high demanding application.Concerning the increasing demand for the materials and the necessity of reducing the costs from industry, it's frequently unsuitable to use unique material to accomplish all the requirements. Thus, an application of a higher performance coating, as those applied by laser cladding, could be a solution for these demands [5, 6]. Laser cladding creates a metallurgical bonding with substrate and, compared to conventional coating processes, produces low porosity, minimal dilution, little distortion of the base metal, and a small heat affected zone [7][8][9][10][11].The coating, compared with the substrate material, should present some improved features, which allow complementing the properties of the substrate, forming combined and synergetic properties that, together, present greater performance against different mechanical and environmental stresses [5,12]. Many studies with the employment of composite coatings have been conducted [13][14][15][16][17], which the abrasive wear, highly re...

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Section: Macrostructural Evaluation Of the Depositions With 30% Nbcsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Macrostructural Evaluation Of the Depositions With 30% Nbcmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of laser cladding parameters in NbC reinforced 316L austenitic stainless steel composite depositions on a mild steel

Apolinário

Araújo

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…For pyrotechnics to produce the desired effect ingredients must be intimately mixed, but industry still follows simplistic manufacturing approaches. Ingredients are either dry mixed or wet mixed where the former tumbles powders together or sieves, 3,4 whilst wet mixing blends a slurry with horizontal and vertical mixers and various blades. These methods do not ensure the homogeneous composition necessary for pyrotechnics to function ideally or guarantee batch consistency.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metal–organic fireworks: MOFs as integrated structural scaffolds for pyrotechnic materials

et al. 2015

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A new approach to formulating pyrotechnic materials is presented whereby constituent ingredients are bound together in a solid-state lattice. This reduces the batch inconsistencies arising from the traditional approach of combining powders by ensuring the key ingredients are 'mixed' in appropriate quantities and are in intimate contact. Further benefits of these types of material are increased safety levels as well as simpler logistics, storage and manufacture. A systematic series of new frameworks comprising fuel and oxidiser agents (group 1 and 2 metal nodes & terephthalic acid derivatives as linkers) has been synthesised and structurally characterised. These new materials have been assessed for pyrotechnic effect by calorimetry and burn tests. Results indicate that these materials exhibit the desired pyrotechnic material properties and the effect can be correlated to the dimensionality of the structure. A new approach to formulating pyrotechnic materials is proposed whereby constituent ingredients are bound together in a solid-state lattice. A series of Metalorganic framework frameworks comprising fuel and oxidiser agents exhibits the desired properties of a pyrotechnic material and this effect is correlated to the dimensionality of the structure.Pyrotechnics are ubiquitous in modern life, with usage ranging across airbags, flares, matches, oxygen candles and display. However the approach to their manufacture has barely changed over the centuries that we have been using them. Research into pyrotechnic materials is further motivated by a need to improve safety and flexibility of manufacture, logistics, storage and performance consistency. They are categorised alongside propellants and explosives as "Energetic Materials" and at the simplest level, a pyrotechnic material consists of two primary constituents -an oxidiser, commonly metal nitrates or perchlorates and a reducing agent or fuel which can be comprised of non-metals e.g. C or S, metals e.g. Mg or Al and carbohydrates e.g. lactose.1 Further ingredients are binders, propellants and agents producing effects such as colour, sound or smoke.2 A pyrotechnic device is therefore a mixture of functional materials in the solid state, in contrast to explosives which are typically single molecules that undergo rapid decomposition. For pyrotechnics to produce the desired effect ingredients must be intimately mixed, but industry still follows simplistic manufacturing approaches. Ingredients are either dry mixed or wet mixed where the former tumbles powders together or sieves,3,4 whilst wet mixing blends a slurry with horizontal and vertical mixers and various blades. These methods do not ensure the homogeneous composition

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“…Since mixing quality is highly depends on the selection of powders mixer, the choice of mixer type is very important in terms of quality of the mixture (Bridgwater, 2012). To understand characteristic of powder mixer and improve the quality of the mixture; mixing characteristics (Jadhav and Jadhav, 2013), particle size analysis (Obadele et al, 2012) and mixing dynamics (Ammarcha et al, 2013;C Mayer-Laigle et al, 2015) have studied in the literature by many researchers. Also The mechanisms and performance of different type of powder mixer have been studied, including V-blenders (Brone et al, 1997), bin-blenders (Arratia et al, 2006) double-cone blenders (Brone and Muzzio, 2000) and ribbon blenders (Masiuk, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient structural analysis of a Turbula mixer

BEYTÜT

Uzun

Temiz

2021

Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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Powder mixing is a significant step in the manufacturing process of many industrial products such as pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, plastics, fertilizers, and ceramics. Especially in recent years, with the development of material technology, the importance of powder mixers has increased. But dynamic characteristics of powder mixer is very complex problem. In this paper, a Turbula type mixer has been modeled with the Solidworks® and its nonlinear transient response was investigated by the Finite Element Method (FEM). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the transient response of the vessel and stirrups under different load conditions. The transient analysis is carried out for different rotation speeds (30, 45, and 60 rev/min) of powder mixer and equivalent stresses on vessel and stirrup were obtained. In addition, 1, 3 and 5 kg mass added to the vessel homogeneously in order to obtain the influence of added mass (represent the powder mass). Results revealed that with increasing rotation speed and added mass, the equivalent stress in the vessel and stirrups increased. Maximum stress occurred in the joint of stirrup and vessel. Commercial software ANSYS Workbench (version 19.2) and nonlinear ANSYS® Mechanical APDL solver have utilized for transient response of powder mixer

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Turbula mixing characteristics of carbide powders and its influence on laser processing of stainless steel composite coatings

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of laser cladding parameters in NbC reinforced 316L austenitic stainless steel composite depositions on a mild steel

Effect of laser cladding parameters in NbC reinforced 316L austenitic stainless steel composite depositions on a mild steel

Metal–organic fireworks: MOFs as integrated structural scaffolds for pyrotechnic materials

Transient structural analysis of a Turbula mixer

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