Turbulent mixing and internal tides in Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon, Taiwan

Lee, I-Huan; Lien, Ren‐Chieh; Liu, James T.; Chuang, Wen‐Ssn

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.08.005

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The elevated mixing rates noted here are also consistent with previous work that find an increase in internal wave energy and TKE dissipation within canyons at lower latitudes (e.g., Gordan and Marshall 1976;Carter and Gregg 2002;Thurnherr et al 2005;Lee et al 2009). However, it is important to consider that, despite the shallow, topographically complex environment, very low values of mixing were also observed here.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…The spatial patchiness of mixing within Barrow Canyon may be attributed to some combination of the spatial variability of the energetic mean flow and the complexities of an internal wave field constrained by the canyon geometry. More (high resolution) data are needed to examine the detailed character of the internal wave field in Barrow Canyon, and future studies may provide a useful contrast to other canyons, in which wave dynamics appear to be dominated by tidal activity (e.g., Hotchkiss and Wunsch 1982;Kunze et al 2002;Lee et al 2009). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation in Barrow Canyon

Shroyer

2012

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Pacific Water flows across the shallow Chukchi Sea before reaching the Arctic Ocean, where it is a source of heat, freshwater, nutrients, and carbon. A substantial portion of Pacific Water is routed through Barrow Canyon, located in the northeast corner of the Chukchi. Barrow Canyon is a region of complex geometry and forcing where a variety of water masses have been observed to coexist. These factors contribute to a dynamic physical environment, with the potential for significant water mass transformation. The measurements of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation presented here indicate diapycnal mixing is important in the upper canyon. Elevated dissipation rates were observed near the pycnocline, effectively mixing winter and summer water masses, as well as within the bottom boundary layer. The slopes of shear/stratification layers, combined with analysis of rotary spectra, suggest that near-inertial wave activity may be important in modulating dissipation near the bottom. Because the canyon is known to be a hotspot of productivity with an active benthic community, mixing may be an important factor in maintenance of the biological environment.

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confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation in Barrow Canyon

Shroyer

2012

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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“…A number of long canyons of this type have been observed to have high to very high internal tidal energy: Hydrographer Canyon (Wunsch and Webb, 1979), Hudson Canyon (Hotchkiss and Wunsch, 1982), Monterey Canyon (Petruncio et al, 1998;Kunze et al, 2002;Carter and Gregg, 2002), La Linea Canyon (Lafuente et al, 1999) Gaoping Canyon (Lee et al, 2009) and the Gully (B. Greenan, personal communication, 2007, Bedford Institute of the Oceanography, Nova Scotia, Canada). Canyons can act to enhance tidal and internal wave energy due to focusing (Wunsch and Webb, 1979) or due large regions of critical slope (Hotchkiss and Wunsch, 1982).…”

Section: Enhanced Internal Tides and Mixing In Canyonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf

2009

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Abstract. Cross shelf-break exchange is limited by the tendency of geostrophic flow to follow bathymetric contours, not cross them. However, small scale topography, such as canyons, can reduce the local lengthscale of the flow and increase the local Rossby number. These higher Rossby numbers mean the flow is no longer purely geostrophic and significant cross-isobath flow can occur. This cross-isobath flow includes both upwelling and downwelling due to wind-driven shelf currents and the strong cascading flows of dense shelfwater into the ocean. Tidal currents usually run primarily parallel to the shelf-break topography. Canyons cut across these flows and thus are often regions of generation of strong baroclinic tides and internal waves. Canyons can also focus internal waves. Both processes lead to greatly elevated levels of mixing. Thus, through both advection and mixing processes, canyons can enhance Deep Ocean Shelf Exchange. Here we review the state of the science describing the dynamics of the flows and suggest further areas of research, particularly into quantifying fluxes of nutrients and carbon as well as heat and salt through canyons.

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“…Submarine canyons are also thought to trap internal waves and internal tides originating outside the canyon, through reflection from the sloping topography, and channel the energy towards the canyon floor (Gordon and Marshall, 1976) and canyon head (Hotchkiss and Wunsch, 1982). Elevated internal wave energy near the canyon floor and head has been observed in several submarine canyons worldwide (e.g., Wunsch and Webb, 1979;Hotchkiss and Wunsch, 1982;Wang et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2009) and the mechanism is thought to be responsible for high turbulent mixing rates measured near the head of MSC (Lueck and Osborn, 1985;Carter and Gregg, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition from partly standing to progressive internal tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

Hall

Alford

Carter

et al. 2014

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Monterey Submarine Canyon is a large, sinuous canyon off the coast of California, the upper reaches of which were the subject of an internal tide observational program using moored profilers and upward-looking moored ADCPs. The mooring observations measured a near-surface stratification change in the upper canyon, likely caused by a seasonal shift in the prevailing wind that favoured coastal upwelling. This change in near-surface stratification caused a transition in the behaviour of the internal tide in the upper canyon from a partly standing wave during pre-upwelling conditions to a progressive wave during upwelling conditions. Using a numerical model, we present evidence that either a partly standing or a progressive internal tide can be simulated in the canyon, simply by changing the initial stratification conditions in accordance with the observations. The mechanism driving the transition is a dependence of down-canyon (supercritical) internal tide reflection from the canyon floor and walls on the depth of maximum stratification. During pre-upwelling conditions, the main pycnocline extends down to 200 m (below the canyon rim) resulting in increased supercritical reflection of the up-canyon propagating internal tide back down the canyon. The large up-canyon and smaller down-canyon progressive waves are the two components of the partly standing wave. During upwelling conditions, the pycnocline shallows to the upper 50 m of the watercolumn (above the canyon rim) resulting in decreased supercritical reflection and allowing the up-canyon progressive wave to dominate.

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Turbulent mixing and internal tides in Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon, Taiwan

Cited by 73 publications

References 30 publications

Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation in Barrow Canyon

Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation in Barrow Canyon

A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf

Transition from partly standing to progressive internal tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

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