Turista among Members of the Yale Glee Club in Latin America *

Properties of synthetically produced Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin

“…Fluid secretion was reduced by a significant degree, comparable to that previously observed in rats immunized with semipure biological ST (21), in rats challenged with either synthetic or biological ST and with the viable ST-producing strain (Table 1). DISCUSSION ETEC strains are a common cause of the frequently fatal acute diarrhea that occurs among infants living in underdeveloped countries (2) and neonatal animals worldwide (24), as well as a frequent cause of transient diarrhea among visitors to underdeveloped tropical areas (turista) (14) and of episodic or epidemic outbreaks among persons living in either temperate or tropical climates (29,30). The only practical approach to prevention of this widespread disorder would be a program of immunoprophylaxis.…”

“…For asparagine, an equal molar amount of N-hydroxy benzotriazole was added to the protected amino acid, and dimethyl formamide was used as the solvent. All coupling reactions were >99% complete by the picric acid test (14). The protected peptide polymers were treated with twice their weight of anisole, an equal weight of pyridine (7), and 40 times their volume relative to weight with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at 4°C for 1.0 h. After evaporating the hydrogen fluoride with a stream of N2, the residue was extracted with anhydrous ether three times, filtered, and dried in vacuo.…”

New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development.

“…In later epidemiological studies, it came to be recognized that ETEC were very frequent causes of diarrheal disease in nonhospitalized persons, including infants in less-developed areas and travelers. When prospective studies of diarrheal disease were carried out in villages in endemic areas and in travelers, it was found that LT-/ST+ strains, in particular, and LT+/STstrains to a lesser extent, were important (18,19,156,278,339). In such studies approximately 40 to 50% of strains isolated from cases of diarrhea produce only ST, 30 to 40% are LT'/ST+, and the remaining 20 to 30% elaborate only LT.…”

Selective Use of Microbiological Procedures for Identification of Etiologic Agents of Diarrheal Illness

“…The enterotoxigenic E. coli are major causes of diarrhea, especially in summer months in warm climates where sanitation facilities are poor. Forty-seven percent of 94 cases of turista in Mexico and Kenya have revealed LT, ST or LT+ST producing E. coli (Merson et al 1976;Sack et al 1977;Guerrant et al 1980b).…”