“…The need for faster, more reliable, higher-quality and cheaper health services increases the need for IBs by nurses, who are at the forefront and constitute the majority of the healthcare workforce (S€ onmez and Yıldırım, 2019). Therefore, in recent years, more studies are being conducted to determine the factors that affect the nurses' IBs (S€ onmez et al, 2019a), and most of these studies have determined that nurses exhibit IBs at a high level (Weng et al, 2016;Masood and Afsar, 2017;Afsar and Masood, 2018;Bagheri and Akbari, 2018;S€ onmez and Yıldırım, 2019;S€ onmez et al, 2019a), while others have reported that nurses exhibit IBs at a medium level (Bunpin et al, 2016).…”