Turkmenistan and the virtual politics of Eurasian energy: the case of the TAPI pipeline project

Anceschi, Luca

doi:10.1080/02634937.2017.1391747

Cited by 36 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The study also highlights the TAPI project from Turkmenistan's perspective, discusses the various international events and China's role, and argues that these events are causing delays in implementing the TAPI project. Anceschi (2017) interestingly called TAPI a virtual pipeline, given its delays and misinformation around the project while no work was started on its implementation. Furthermore, Anceschi (2017) referred to some studies and raised concerns about the overall viability and security concerns particularly that of the 750 lengths planned to be in the Afghanistan region.…”

Section: The Literature On Ipi and Tapi Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anceschi (2017) interestingly called TAPI a virtual pipeline, given its delays and misinformation around the project while no work was started on its implementation. Furthermore, Anceschi (2017) referred to some studies and raised concerns about the overall viability and security concerns particularly that of the 750 lengths planned to be in the Afghanistan region. Similarly, Khan (2012) focused on the IPI pipeline project, the USA sanctions, and its resultant situation and its implementation for Pakistan and other countries involved.…”

Section: The Literature On Ipi and Tapi Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional development through energy infrastructure: A comparison and optimization of Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) & Turkmenistan- Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipelines

Ali

Ahmad

Sabir

et al. 2021

Oper. Res. Eng. Sci. Theor. Appl.

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Pakistan is working on two pipeline projects, namely, Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) and Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipelines, to meet its energy supply-demand gap. This study's aims to compare these two projects and identify the most suitable option for Pakistan. Furthermore, as the TAPI project is progressing faster than the IPI project, this study also aims to identify the critical activities associated with TAPI projects. Finally, a model is proposed to optimize the material and transportation costs related to the TAPI project. The study's contribution by using fuzzy set theory-based multi-criteria decision-making (Fuzzy MCDM) to compare two projects along with usage of the Fuzzy Critical Path Method (FCPM) for the identification of critical activities associated with the TAPI project. Finally, the Genetic Algorithm is applied to optimize the material and transportation costs of the TAPI project. The results show that IPI has advantages over TAPI in terms of power generation, transportation cost, transits fee, and gas prices. The critical path analysis of the TAPI gas pipeline shows that it will take approximately 75 to 330.5 weeks to complete. The study is useful for the managers who have to work in these projects, the policymakers considering these projects at various levels, and the researcher having an interest in applying Fuzzy set theory with MCDM, CPM, and in the context of the energy infrastructure.

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Section: The Literature On Ipi and Tapi Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Literature On Ipi and Tapi Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional development through energy infrastructure: A comparison and optimization of Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) & Turkmenistan- Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipelines

Ali

Ahmad

Sabir

et al. 2021

Oper. Res. Eng. Sci. Theor. Appl.

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“…Soon afterwards it was claimed that construction had begun, but at the time of writing there is still no actual evidence that the 'Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) pipeline' is being built. If it does materialize, the result will be a tighter hidden integration between northern Afghanistan and the rest of Gas Central Asia, as well as the incorporation of Pakistan's westernmost regions into the Central Asian system (Anceschi 2017;Putz 2021).…”

Section: Central Asia In the Pipelinementioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden integration of Central Asia: the making of a region through technical infrastructures

Högselius

2021

Central Asian Survey

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This article challenges existing interpretations of Central Asia as a geographical entity. Adopting a history of technology approach to defining and analytically 'constructing' Central Asia as a region, it scrutinizes the ways the region has been materially created over the years through four types of large technical systems (infrastructures): waterways, railways, electricity grids and natural gas pipelines. This process, which is traced over a period of 150 years, can be thought of as Central Asia's 'hidden integration' (and 'hidden fragmentation'). The article maps the processes through which different parts of the region have become technically interlinked through the four systems, and Central Asia's resulting 'network geography'. It also studies the historical tensions, as they evolved over time, between 'system-builders' and 'border-builders'.

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“…Hence, substantial Turkmen gas exports to the EU remain highly unlikely due to both high transportation costs and political obstacles. The building of a Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) pipeline, which has been discussed in political circles for at least 15 years, appears equally unlikely due to the lack of economic logic (Pirani 2019: 35-37; on TAPI, see also Anceschi 2017).…”

Section: The Geopolitics Of Energy In Central Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU and China in Central Asian energy geopolitics

Siddi¹,

Kaczmarski²

2021

The European Union, China and Central Asia

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Central Asia is home to some of the world's largest gas resources. Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan feature in the top-20 states in terms of volumes of available proven gas reserves. Kazakhstan is also a significant oil exporter. Great powers have long been attracted by the prospect of controlling and exploiting these resources. In the 1990s and 2000s, post-Soviet Russia was, and to some extent remains, the key energy actor in the region. However, towards the end of the 2000s, China successfully challenged the monopoly Russia had maintained over the transit of natural resources from Central Asia. Beijing acquired a pivotal role in the Turkmen gas industry and in Turkmen gas exports, as well as in the Kazakhstani oil exploration. Chinese companies signed agreements with Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan that envisioned the construction of new pipelines and the delivery of gas and oil respectively. Financial support provided by China allowed Turkmenistan to resist pressure from Russia. Russia seems to be interested in maintaining the control of Central Asian gas exports westwards, while it has accepted Chinese control of energy flows eastwards. The European Union (EU) has largely failed to access Central Asian gas resources. The EU's Southern Gas Corridor aimed to tap into Iran's and Turkmenistan's gas reserves, but has so far only gained access to the more limited Azeri supplies. This was due to a number of factors, including the international sanctions on Iranian energy exports and the need to import Turkmen gas through either Russia or a yet-to-be-built Trans-Caspian pipeline. Moreover, due to the recent rise of liquefied natural gas exports and the drop in gas prices, analysts question the economic competitiveness of gas imported to the EU via pipeline over such a long distance.

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Turkmenistan and the virtual politics of Eurasian energy: the case of the TAPI pipeline project

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Regional development through energy infrastructure: A comparison and optimization of Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) & Turkmenistan- Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipelines

Regional development through energy infrastructure: A comparison and optimization of Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) & Turkmenistan- Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipelines

The hidden integration of Central Asia: the making of a region through technical infrastructures

The EU and China in Central Asian energy geopolitics

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