Turning Over a New Leaf in Lipid Droplet Biology

Single cell‐type analysis of cellular lipid remodelling in response to salinity in the epidermal bladder cells of the model halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

“…The changes observed in genes related to TG metabolism highlight the dynamic regulation of the neutral lipid content in EBC under salt treatment conditions (Figures c,d). This is supported by the responsiveness of an oleosin gene, whose protein product is a plant LD‐specific component important for their stabilization, formation, and turnover (Pyc et al, ). Comparison of upregulated and downregulated TG‐related genes indicates a preference for TG degradation rather than for TG biosynthesis in EBC from salt‐treated plants (Figure b and Table S3).…”

Plant Lipid Droplets and Their Associated Proteins: Potential for Rapid Advances

“…Reducing the proportions of oleosin to TAGs in vitro via chemical reconstitution (Tzen 404 and Huang, 1992) or in vivo via breeding (Ting et al, 1996; Fig. 1C)), T-DNA insertion 405 mutation (Siloto et al, 2006;Shimada et al, 2008) (Chen and Goodman, 2017;Walther et al, 2017) and recently 414 explored in plants (Cai et al, 2015b;Cai et al, 2017). For the oleosin molecule per se, the C-and 415 N-terminal peptides are not required for oleosin targeting ER-LDs (Abell et al, 2002(Abell et al, , 2004416 Beaudoin and Napier, 2002).…”

“…However, the whole hairpin including the N-portion residues, the 417 full length of the hairpin arms, as well as the 3 proline and 1 serine residues at the hairpin turn, peroxisomes is negatively correlated with the presence of sucrose, reflecting a mechanism of end 435 product feedback inhibition of TAG gluconeogenesis (Cui et al, 2016). CGI-58 protein, a lipase 436 activity modulator on mammalian LDs, is present on peroxisomes in seed (Pyc et al, 2017 Tzen, 2011;Deruyffelaere et al, 2015). This proteolysis could facilitate lipolysis of LDs or 467 represent a general mobilization of all proteins including oleosins for seedling growth.…”

“…The transcript level is slightly higher for oleosin than the The mode of synthesis of these LDs is unknown and could be dissimilar to the ER-budding 576 model in seeds. More studies have involved leaf LDs (Wahlroos et al, 2003;Lersten et al, 2006;577 Lopez-Ribera et al, 2014;Shimada et al, 2014;Gidda et al, 2016;Pyc et al, 2017 (Kelly et al, 2013b).…”

Peroxisome Function, Biogenesis, and Dynamics in Plants

“…Oil bodies, also known as lipid droplets, compartmentalize neutral lipids and allow storage of large quantities of triacylglycerol in oilseeds (for review, see Pyc et al, 2017). During germination and early seedling growth, peroxisomes associate with oil bodies (Chapman and Trelease, 1991;Hayashi et al, 2001) to utilize seed energy reserves (for review, see Graham, 2008).…”