Twelve-month inhalation study on room-aged cigarette sidestream smoke (RASS) in rats

Haussmann, Hans-Juergen; Gerstenberg, Birgit; Göcke, W.; Kühl, Peter; Schepers, Georg; Stabbert, Regina; Stinn, Walter; Teredesai, A.; Tewes, F.J.; Anskeit, Erwin; Terpstra, Piter

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80740-6

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is known that the concentration of NNK in sidestream cigarette smoke is higher than that in mainstream cigarette smoke (7,44). Previous publications have also reported that the concentration of NNK in freshly generated sidestream cigarette smoke and in secondhand cigarette smoke in test chambers may be higher than the concentration of other TSNAs (39,40). However, we believe that this is the first publication to disclose data showing that the concentration of NNK in sidestream cigarette smoke can increase after the smoke is released into a room.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The precedent established in previous toxicologic experiments on sidestream cigarette smoke, by the tobacco industry (39,40,(51)(52)(53) and by independent scientists (54-61), of aging smoke in a controlled manner before testing biological effects is sound. It would be useful for these researchers to validate their experimental proxies for SHS by comparing proxy NNK concentrations to those found in the real world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Philip Morris did, however, present and publish work that emphasized the rapid loss of SHS components from room air by adsorption and ventilation (34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Publications in 1998 and 2005 from Philip Morris on the toxicity of experimentally aged sidestream cigarette smoke do provide TSNA concentration data and show that NNK concentrations are elevated 10-to 20-fold relative to other TSNAs (39,40). However, unless the readers of these publications were aware that the concentration of NNK was only slightly higher than that of other TSNAs in fresh sidestream smoke, the fact that NNK forms as sidestream smoke ages will not be evident.…”

Section: Nnk Formation In a Furnishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Increase after Release into Indoor Air: Results from Unpublished Tobacco Industry Research

Schick

Glantz

2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nnk Formation In a Furnishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Increase after Release into Indoor Air: Results from Unpublished Tobacco Industry Research

Schick

Glantz

2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cigarette smoke and diesel engine exhaust (DEE ) are complex aerosol mixtures that may interfere with many functions of an organism [3,4], possibly including metabolism of the cornea and eye lens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study was performed under specified pathogen-free (SPF) housing conditions in the animal facilities of the Institut für biologische Forschung, Köln, Germany. Details of the study design, SPF conditions, dosing and full study management are published elsewhere [8] and further details of the complete exposure setup can be found in Haussmann et al [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Light Scattering in Rat Lenses Observed in a 2-Year Inhalation Toxicity Study

2002

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Normal light scattering in the eye is determined primarily by the size of α-crystalline molecules. Ageing effects appear as an increase in normal lens light scattering in distinct layers. Subliminal effects of toxins on lens transparency can also cause an increase in light scattering due to protein molecule aggregation before visible opacities appear. Scheimpflug photography of the anterior eye segment with subsequent densitometric image analysis is the method of choice to evaluate such effects. To gain more insight into normal ageing and the potential effects of complex aerosols, a subset of Wistar rats (both sexes) belonging to a larger chronic inhalation toxicity study was documented at baseline and after 2 years with a Topcon SL-45 Scheimpflug camera on Kodak T_max 400 ISO film. The recording procedure, film development, and microdensitometric image analysis were all performed according to standard protocol. A second group from the same study was documented at the start and after 5 months of a 6-month posttreatment period immediately following the inhalation period. Rats were nose-only exposed for 6 h/day, 7 days/week, for 2 years to low (3 µg/l) or high (10 µg/l) concentrations of room-aged cigarette sidestream smoke or diesel engine exhaust. Control animals were exposed to filtered fresh air. At the baseline examination, there were no relevant differences between groups with respect to corneal density or density of defined layers in the lens capsule (1), epithelium and superficial cortex (2), deep cortex (3), supranuclear layer (4) and nucleus (5). At the 2-year examination, mean corneal density was significantly lower in females than in males. This same trend, although not significant, was also found in most layers of the lens. The most prominent differences in density over time were measured in lens layers 3 and 4, but neither corneal density nor lenticular density showed any consistent treatment-related effects in any of the layers. The data from the posttreatment period confirmed the results of the 2-year study. The depth of the anterior chamber increased constantly over the 2.5-year period, but again, treatment did not affect this. This study provided completely new data on age-related light scattering in the cornea and in defined layers of the lens in long-term toxicity studies in Wistar rats.

show abstract

Inhalation studies for the safety assessment of nanomaterials: status quo and the way forward

Landsiedel

Ma‐Hock

Haussmann³

et al. 2012

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While technical and medical potential offered by nanotechnologies increase, the safety assessment of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) needs to follow this pace. Inhalation is a major route of occupational and environmental exposure, and is most relevant for most of the respective safety assessment studies. Control and generation of aerosol from the test materials for this route of administration are technically demanding, and not surprisingly, there are relatively few NMs tested in toxicokinetic, short-term, and subchronic inhalation studies. These studies were in part adapted to the peculiarities of inhaled NMs, but few were also conducted according to organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) test guidelines. Inhalation studies on the potential to develop chronic diseases, or studies to check the potential analogy to cardiovascular diseases associated with adverse health effects from ambient air pollution, are largely missing. On the way forward, appropriate inhalation studies need to be performed on a number of NMs to assess their hazards and to provide a sound database for correlation and validation of alternative in vitro methods. Moreover, these studies can potentially aid in the grouping of different NMs based on their biokinetics or biological effects. For carcinogenic and cardiovascular effects, research studies are needed to verify-or disprove-the relevance and the mechanisms by which NMs contribute to these effects.

show abstract

Twelve-month inhalation study on room-aged cigarette sidestream smoke (RASS) in rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Increase after Release into Indoor Air: Results from Unpublished Tobacco Industry Research

Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Increase after Release into Indoor Air: Results from Unpublished Tobacco Industry Research

Age-Related Light Scattering in Rat Lenses Observed in a 2-Year Inhalation Toxicity Study

Inhalation studies for the safety assessment of nanomaterials: status quo and the way forward

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About