“…There are a number of empirical studies that explore the effects of PI on legislative decision‐making in general (for overviews of the literature, see, e.g., Jordan and Hackbart 1999; Frank and D’Souza 2004), and several studies that have looked at the utilization of PI in budgetary decision‐making in the executive branch (for recent overviews of studies, see, e.g., Jordan and Hackbart 1999; Melkers and Willoughby 2005; Gomez and Willoughby 2008; Zaltsman 2009; Ho 2011). However, there is very little research exploring empirically the question of whether and how legislators employ PI in budgetary decision‐making; among the studies that have been undertaken, the focus has been either on the local government level (Melkers and Willoughby 2001; Wang 2008) or state level (Willoughby and Melkers 2000, 2001; Bourdeaux 2008), rather than on national governments.…”