Twenty‐five years of tendon and ligament research

Dourte, LeAnn M.; Kuntz, Andrew F.; Soslowsky, Louis J.

doi:10.1002/jor.20646

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Fiber-reinforced structure is typical of many soft biological tissues, including skeletal muscle (Morrow et al, 2010), myocardium (Humphrey, 2002; Taber, 2004), brain stem (Ning et al, 2006), white matter (Feng et al, 2013), ligament and tendon (Dourte et al, 2008; Lake et al, 2010; Thomopoulos and Genin, 2012; Weiss et al, 1996). To understand the mechanical behavior of these soft biological tissues, reliable material models are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the accuracy and fitting of transversely isotropic material models

Feng

Okamoto

Genin

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Fiber reinforced structures are central to the form and function of biological tissues. Hyperelastic, transversely isotropic material models are used widely in the modeling and simulation of such tissues. Many of the most widely used models involve strain energy functions that include one or both pseudo-invariants (I4 or I5) to incorporate energy stored in the fibers. In a previous study we showed that both of these invariants must be included in the strain energy function if the material model is to reduce correctly to the well-known framework of transversely isotropic linear elasticity in the limit of small deformations. Even with such a model, fitting of parameters is a challenge. Here, by evaluating the relative roles of I4 and I5 in the responses to simple loadings, we identify loading scenarios in which previous models accounting for only one of these invariants can be expected to provide accurate estimation of material response, and identify mechanical tests that have special utility for fitting of transversely isotropic constitutive models. Results provide guidance for fitting of transversely isotropic constitutive models and for interpretation of the predictions of these models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the accuracy and fitting of transversely isotropic material models

Feng

Okamoto

Genin

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…1 We have previously reported increased expression of key cytokines in human and rodent models of tendinopathy. 2 IL-33 and its receptor ST2 have become increasingly associated with musculoskeletal pathologies over the past few years and are purported Abstract 68 Figure 1 (A) Col 1/3 message levels in human tenocytes + rhIL-33 (B) IL-33 messge levels in WT and ST2 -/mice (C) Biomechanical strength in WT and ST2 -/mice + rhIL-33…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Background Increasingly, inflammatory mediators are considered crucial to the onset and perpetuation of tendinopathy. 1 We have previously reported increased expression of key cytokines in human and rodent models of tendinopathy. 2 Interleukin-17 is the founding member of a group of cytokines called the IL-17 family and induces the production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, inducible NO synthase, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and chemokines by fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previous studies have reported that patients with GT are commonly misdiagnosed, resulting in inappropriate management, including unnecessary spinal investigations and surgical procedures. 1 Available literature on accurate clinical diagnosis of symptomatic GT is inadequate. A recent meta-analysis reported that tests for lateral hip pain generally have weak diagnostic properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

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67 The Interleukin 17/mast Cell Axis In Early Human Tendinopathy

et al. 2014

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Background Increasingly, inflammatory mediators are considered crucial to the onset and perpetuation of tendinopathy.1 We have previously reported increased expression of key cytokines in human and rodent models of tendinopathy.2 Interleukin-17 is the founding member of a group of cytokines called the IL-17 family and induces the production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, inducible NO synthase, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and chemokines by fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells.3 Objectives To seek evidence of interleukin 17 (IL-17) expression in early human tendinopathy and thereafter, to explore mechanisms whereby IL-17 may regulate apoptosis, inflammatory mediators and matrix regulation in human tenocytes. Methods Fifteen torn supraspinatus tendon (established pathology) and matched intact subscapularis tendon (representing ‘early pathology’) biopsies were collected from patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Control samples of subscapularis tendon were collected from 10 patients undergoing arthroscopic stabilisation surgery. Human tendon-derived primary cells were derived from hamstring tendon tissue obtained during hamstring tendon ACL reconstruction. The Human mast cells were generated from CD133+ cells from buffy coat preparations. Markers of inflammation and IL-17 were quantified by immunohistochemical methods. The impact of IL-17 upon tenocyte biology in vitro was measured using quantitative RT-PCR, multiplex cytokine assays, apoptotic proteomic profiling, immunohistochemistry and annexin V FACS staining. Results Increased expression of IL-17A was detected in subscapularis tendon samples compared to both matched from samples and non-matched control samples (p < 0.01). Double immunofluoresence staining revealed several IL-17A expressing lineages, but particularly mast cells were the predominant source of IL-17A in biopsy samples. IL-17 treated tenocytes exhibited increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.001), altered matrix regulation (p < 0.01) with increased production of Collagen type III and increased expression of several apoptosis is related factors to thereby promote tenocyte apoptosis. Cytokine stimulation with IL-1β and Il-23 resulted in significant (p < 0.01) production of IL-17A from human derived mast cells in vitro. Abstract 67 Figure 1 (A) IL-17A mRNA levels in control torn and early tendinopathic tendon. (B) Mast cell positive /IL-17A positive cells in tendon biopsies. (C) IF images of mast cell tryptase, IL-17A and merger images (×40) Conclusion IL-17 promotes expression of proinflammatory cytokines, key apoptotic mediators and drives matrix changes toward a collagen type III phenotype. We propose that IL-17 is a central inflammatory mediator driving the early tendinopathy processes which may offer novel therapeutic approaches in the management of tendon disorders. References Dourte LM, et al. J Orthop Res. 2008;26(10):1297–305 Millar NL, et al. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91(3): 417–24 3. Gabay C, McInnes IB. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(3):...

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“…This assessment is important to the surgeon in deciding whether to treat conservatively (tear debridement) or to execute a surgical repair [2]. It is known that injured tendons exhibit aberrant biomechanical properties (e.g., compromised structural stiffness, failure load) and that although tendons can progressively regain mechanical function during the course of healing, tendons generally do not recover preinjury biomechanical properties [3]. Thus, the ability to quantify the biomechanical integrity of a tendon could provide useful information for clinical diagnostics, decisions regarding treatment, and perhaps as follow-up in tracking functional recovery after surgical intervention [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoscopic Functional Imaging of Partial Tendon Tears—Proof of Concept and Intraoperative Feasibility

Würgler-Hauri²,

Schuppisser³

et al. 2013

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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The ability to quantify the biomechanical integrity of tendons could provide useful information for both clinical diagnostics and for clinical follow-up in tracking functional recovery of the injured tissue. This study develops and characterizes a functional endoscopy approach for intraoperative quantification of tendon tear severity using both ex vivo and in vivo experimental models. We first verified the accuracy of endoscopic strain (i.e., tissue stretch) imaging in an ex vivo tear model by comparing endoscopic measurements against gold standard measurements with research grade optics. We then tested in vivo feasibility by endoscopically quantifying altered tissue strain distributions in a rat supraspinatus model of partial tendon tear. The endoscopic method was able to achieve diagnostically relevant levels of accuracy compared to research grade optics (mean error = 26.2 ± 19.1%), and tissue strain analysis could sensitively discern torn tendon subregions. Applying this approach to free-hand in vivo endoscopic strain measurements, we were similarly able to discern functional changes in partially torn tendons (average maximum principal strains surrounding the lesion: 5.1 ± 2.9% versus intact controls: 1.9 ± 1.4%; p = 0.023). These findings indicate that the functional endoscopic assessment of tendon mechanical integrity is not only possible but could potentially offer intraoperative arthroscopic guidance for management of tendon tears in man.

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Twenty‐five years of tendon and ligament research

Cited by 24 publications

References 132 publications

On the accuracy and fitting of transversely isotropic material models

On the accuracy and fitting of transversely isotropic material models

67 The Interleukin 17/mast Cell Axis In Early Human Tendinopathy

Endoscopic Functional Imaging of Partial Tendon Tears—Proof of Concept and Intraoperative Feasibility

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