Twenty-year trends in vegetable consumption by preparation method and eating location for Korean population from 1998 to 2017

Kim, Sang Young; Freeland‐Graves, Jeanne H.; Kim, Hyun Ja

doi:10.1017/s0007114520004511

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The China Health and Nutrition Survey revealed a decline in the consumption of vegetables among Chinese individuals aged between 18 and 44 years from 1991 to 2011. On the other hand, fruit consumption indicated an increase (8). Comparable decreases in vegetable consumption have been observed in studies conducted in The Republic of Korea (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among the Labor Force Population — China, 2010–2018

Wang,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

China CDC Weekly

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Introduction: This research investigates trends pertaining to the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China. The study considered data derived from four nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.Methods: The data under review for this study was derived from the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance (CCDRFS) carried out in 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018, correspondingly. We utilized a food frequency questionnaire to evaluate the quantity and frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption. The estimated prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated for each survey, while considering factors such as sex, age, location, and socioeconomic status (SES). Participants' SES was ascertained via latent class analysis, serving to identify distinct classes based on criteria such as education, occupation, and household income per capita. Logistic regression was deployed to determine the statistical significance of trends.Results: From 2010 to 2018, there was a notable increase in the average daily consumption of vegetables and fruits among the working population, rising from 418.6 g/day to 491.8 g/day (P<0.01 for trend). During the same period, the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable intake declined from 51.1% to 43.5% [P<0.001 for trend; −1.6% average annual percent change (AAPC)]. This downward trend was prevalent across genders, however, certain subgroups of adults (e.g., those living in rural areas or those of low SES) saw stable consumption levels throughout this period (P>0.05 for trend).Conclusion: Over the past nine years, there has been a notable decline in the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China. Moreover, the comparatively deficient intake of fruits and vegetables evident among individuals of lower SES warrants further attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among the Labor Force Population — China, 2010–2018

Wang,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

China CDC Weekly

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“…Salted vegetables and steamed rice are a very basic Korean meal style. Kimchi is suitable for long-term storage, and it contributes approximately 40% of Koreans’ vegetable intake [ 48 ]. This factor may therefore be responsible for the lack of a significant difference in vegetable intake between people of different food security status during the pandemic in the Korean adult population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Insecurity Is Associated with Dietary Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019–2020

Choi

2023

Nutrients

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic and has affected people’s dietary behaviors, including food insecurity. This study aimed to ascertain whether COVID-19 may alter the prevalence of food insecurity, and if such food security status may be associated with dietary intake among Koreans. The general characteristics, dietary intake and food security status data in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VIII (2019~2020) were analyzed. The prevalence of food insecurity and food group and nutrient consumption by food security status were analyzed before (2019) and after the start of the pandemic (2020). Findings suggested 4.3% of Koreans experienced food insecurity during the first year of the pandemic, yet it did not differ from that in the year before the pandemic. Before COVID-19, there was no significant difference in food group or nutrition consumption by food security status. However, in 2020, the fruit and vitamin C intake of the food-insecure group was significantly lower than that of the food-secure group. Additionally, the food-insecure group’s ratio of subjects who did not meet the recommended level of fruits and the vitamin was higher compared to that of the secure group. In conclusion, COVID-19 did not affect food insecurity status, but did have a negative influence on dietary intake for food-insecure Koreans.

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“…In South Korea, numerous Mg-rich vegetables (such as leafy, stem, and tubal vegetables) are consumed using various recipes such as seasoning raw vegetables, seasoning cooked vegetables, stir-frying, and blanching [ 5 ]. However, the consumption of high-energy foods, high-fat animal-based foods, and high-sugar foods has increased due to recent Westernized and global dietary lifestyle comprising busy work and life schedules, while the consumption of plant-based foods has relatively decreased [ 6 7 ]. Due to the recent downward trend of plant-based food intake, the adequacy of Mg intake needs to be assessed.…”

Section: Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues pertaining to Mg, Zn and Cu in the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans

et al. 2022

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In the current years, it has now become necessary to establish standards for micronutrient intake based on scientific evidence. This review discusses issues related to the development of the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI) for magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), and future research directions. Following issues were encountered when establishing the KDRI for these minerals. First, characteristics of Korean subjects need to be applied to estimate nutrient requirements. When calculating the estimated average requirement (EAR), the KDRI used the results of balance studies for Mg absorption and factorial analysis for Zn, which is defined as the minimum amount to offset endogenous losses for Zn and Mg. For Cu, a combination of indicators, such as depletion/repletion studies, were applied, wherein all reference values were based on data obtained from other countries. Second, there was a limitation in that it was difficult to determine whether reference values of Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes in the 2020 KDRI were achievable. This might be due to the lack of representative previous studies on intakes of these nutrients, and an insufficient database for Mg, Zn, and Cu contents in foods. This lack of database for mineral content in food poses a problem when evaluating the appropriateness of intake. Third, data was insufficient to assess the adequacy of Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes from supplements when calculating reference values, considering the rise in both demand and intake of mineral supplements. Mg is more likely to be consumed as a multi-nutrient supplement in combination with other minerals than as a single supplement. Moreover, Zn-Cu interactions in the body need to be considered when determining the reference intake values of Zn and Cu. It is recommended to discuss these issues present in the 2020 KDRI development for Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes in a systematic way, and to find relevant solutions.

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Twenty-year trends in vegetable consumption by preparation method and eating location for Korean population from 1998 to 2017

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among the Labor Force Population — China, 2010–2018

Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among the Labor Force Population — China, 2010–2018

Food Insecurity Is Associated with Dietary Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019–2020

Issues pertaining to Mg, Zn and Cu in the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans

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