Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Feeds Using Graded Levels of High Protein Corn-Based Distillers Dried Grains (HP-DDG) and Conventional Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)

Abstract

Twin-screw extrusion cooking trials were performed to investigate the differential effects of conventional DDGS (DDGS) and HP-DDG inclusion, as fishmeal replacers, on physical properties (moisture content, water activity, thermal properties, expansion ratio, unit density, bulk density, water absorption, solubility and pellet durability indices, and color) of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed. Four ingredient blends were formulated with 20 and 40% C-DDGS, and 20 and 40% HP-DDG, along with other required dietary ingredients. Each diet was extruded using two replications; a fishmeal based diet acted as the control diet. The highest and the lowest extrudate moisture content and water activity were observed for the diets containing 20% DDGS and 40% HP-DDG, respectively. Compared to the control diet, increasing HP-DDG content from 20 to 40% had no effect on the bulk density of the products, while increasing DDGS content from 20-40% led to a considerable rise in bulk density of the extrudates by 14.2 and 6%, respectively. Also, extrudates with the lowest brightness, greenness, and yellowness values were obtained from the diet containing 20% DDGS, whereas the most color intensity values were observed for the diets containing 40% DDGS and 20% HP-DDG. Increasing DDGS and HP-DDG from 0-40% caused a remarkable increase in water absorption index, by 72 and 30%, respectively. Likewise, the water solubility index increased, but in a considerably lesser order of magnitude. High pellet durability index of more than 99% was achieved with inclusion of either DDGS or HP-DDG. None of the diets impacted the thermal properties of the extrudates. Inclusion of 20 and 40% DDGS resulted in the extrudates with the largest and the smallest unit density values of nearly 887 and 750 kg/m 3 , respectively. As was expected, expansion ratio decreased with increasing unit density. Increasing inclusion levels of HP-DDG did not show any effect on unit density or expansion ratio of the products. Future research should concentrate on investigating the effects of both extrusion processing and graded levels of different types of DDGS on Rainbow trout feeds.

Single Screw Extrusion Processing of Soy White Flakes Based Catla Feed

“…Moreover, HP-DDG provides higher available phosphorous content thus reducing the need for phosphorous supplementation and its nutritional values are much more consistent than those of DDGS . Fallahi et al (2013) reported that inclusion of HP-DDG up to 40% led to the production of more expanded and floatable extrudates compared to those extrudates containing DDGS for rainbow trout. Soy is one of the most important protein-rich plants and a source of protein for aquafeeds (Morris et al, 2005;Francesco et al, 2007;Karalazos et al, 2007).…”

Evaluation of physiochemical properties and applications of grain flour

“…Assumptions made for fish feed productionThe system boundary for LCA does not include the transportation or emissions from freightTable 3.2. List of ingredients for fish feed production -Rainbow trout(Suleiman et al, 2015;Fallahi et al, 2012) Table 3.3. Variable costs input as determined by TEA for fish feed production There has been an increase in the population of people opting for gluten-free diets.…”