Twisted Nano-Optics: Manipulating Light at the Nanoscale with Twisted Phonon Polaritonic Slabs

Duan, Jiahua; Capote‐Robayna, Nathaniel; Taboada‐Gutiérrez, Javier; Álvarez‐Pérez, Gonzalo; Prieto, Iván; Martín‐Sánchez, Javier; Nikitin, Alexey Y.; Alonso‐González, Pablo

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673

Cited by 167 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Several samples with increasing rotation angles were fabricated, confirming hyperbolic-to-elliptic topological transitions, both reflected in the mapped near-field distribution (left, Figure 7F) and the obtained dispersion (right, Figure 7F) [25]. These results were also confirmed by other experiments [110,111]. Extreme dispersion engineering may stimulate new research in the field of 'opto-twistronics', based on stacking tBLs and multilayer polaritonic surfaces, with the opportunity for extreme light manipulation at the nanoscale based on a simple geometrical rotation.…”

Section: Direct Writing Photolithography Assemblysupporting

confidence: 83%

Tailoring Light with Layered and Moiré Metasurfaces

Wang

Mazor

et al. 2021

Trends in Chemistry

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Optical metasurfaces are assemblies of subwavelength, artificially designed inclusions forming planarized devices with unprecedented capabilities to manipulate electromagnetic waves and facilitate multiple functionalities. Recent topical efforts in this research area have been focused on pushing forward the frontiers of enhanced light-matter interactions exploiting new concepts and fabrication capabilities. In this context, layered and twisted metasurfaces have showcased interesting features, including flexibility and tunability in manipulating light, contributing to the development of moiré physics for light. Here, we provide an overview on the state-of-art layered and stacked moiré metasurfaces. Freespace multifunctional metadevices are first discussed, followed by recent discoveries in polaritonics and twistronics for twisted hyperbolic metasurface bilayers. We conclude with a discussion on recent advances in the nanofabrication of moiré metasurfaces and remark on their future potential applications. Emerging Strategies for Advanced Optical Metasurfaces Using Twisting and StackingOptical metasurfaces (see Glossary), commonly recognized as the 2D counterpart of bulk metamaterials, are composed of subwavelength planarized inclusions [1,2]. Unlike metamaterials, metasurfaces usually have a thickness smaller than the operational wavelength in free space, holding the promise for next-generation multifunctional, compact, and integrated functional optical devices. Their ultrathin nature can significantly ease nanofabrication requirements compared with metamaterials, making them compatible for mass production in the semiconductor industry. One essential step in designing metasurfaces is to control light interactions with its local functional composites, so-called meta-atoms, thus enabling unprecedented control of the local scattering processes in terms of phase, amplitude, polarization, frequency, dispersion, and more [3][4][5][6]. In this way, a designer metasurface can be endowed with unprecedented control in tailoring the impinging light. This process inherently requires resonant light-matter interactions in meta-atoms, given the small light-matter interaction length. Tremendous efforts have been made in searching for better materials and novel metasurface designs for improved performance. For composite materials, metals can support enhanced photonic local density of states due to plasmonic phenomena, but may suffer from large Ohmic loss [7][8][9]. On the contrary, all-dielectric materials have significantly lower loss, but typically require a larger thickness, in the order of the wavelength in the material, limiting the field localization and enhancement of light-matter interactions [10]. Various geometries have been explored to realize metasurfaces, including split ring resonators, nanorods, and V-shape nanoantennas, supporting optical resonances in subwavelength meta-atoms [7,10]. These designs typically rely on heavy optimization techniques to obtain the best responses, requiring computational resources and tim...

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Section: Direct Writing Photolithography Assemblysupporting

confidence: 83%

Tailoring Light with Layered and Moiré Metasurfaces

Wang

Mazor

et al. 2021

Trends in Chemistry

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“…The polaritonic iso‐frequency curves (IFCs, slices of the dispersion surface in frequency‐momentum space by a plane of a constant frequency ν) are described by open hyperbolas, giving rise to exotic and very intriguing optical phenomena, such as extremely high momenta [ 8 ] (as needed for electromagnetic field confinement), small group velocities, negative phase velocities [ 9 ] (with great potential for applications exploiting negative refraction and Doppler effects at the nanoscale [ 10,11 ] ), ultralong lifetimes, [ 3,12 ] and more recently, flat‐band canalization of topological polaritons in twisted vdW bilayers. [ 13–16 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale‐Confined Terahertz Polaritons in a van der Waals Crystal

et al. 2020

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Electromagnetic field confinement is crucial for nanophotonic technologies, since it allows for enhancing light–matter interactions, thus enabling light manipulation in deep sub‐wavelength scales. In the terahertz (THz) spectral range, radiation confinement is conventionally achieved with specially designed metallic structures—such as antennas or nanoslits—with large footprints due to the rather long wavelengths of THz radiation. In this context, phonon polaritons—light coupled to lattice vibrations—in van der Waals (vdW) crystals have emerged as a promising solution for controlling light beyond the diffraction limit, as they feature extreme field confinements and low optical losses. However, experimental demonstration of nanoscale‐confined phonon polaritons at THz frequencies has so far remained elusive. Here, it is provided by employing scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy combined with a free‐electron laser to reveal a range of low‐loss polaritonic excitations at frequencies from 8 to 12 THz in the vdW semiconductor α‐MoO3. In this study, THz polaritons are visualized with: i) in‐plane hyperbolic dispersion, ii) extreme nanoscale field confinement (below λo ⁄75), and iii) long polariton lifetimes, with a lower limit of >2 ps.

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“…[1][2], with these two quantities allowing one to extract the complex dielectric function () =  ′ +  ′′ of a phononic medium [3][4][5][6] . Earlier attempts have characterized HPP in isotopically pure hBN (h 10 BN, h 11 BN) and in -MoO3 crystals at ambient conditions 6,[13][14][15][16][17][18] . However, the fundamental limits of HPP dissipation and lifetime remain to be determined as this necessarily relies on temperaturedependent nano-imaging of polaritonic waves.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Lived Phonon Polaritons in Hyperbolic Materials

McLeod

Sun

et al. 2021

Nano Lett.

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Natural hyperbolic materials with dielectric permittivities of opposite sign along different principal axes can confine long-wavelength electromagnetic waves down to the nanoscale, well below the diffraction limit. This has been demonstrated using hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPP) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and -MoO 3 , among other materials. However, HPP dissipation at ambient conditions is substantial and its fundamental limits remain unexplored 1,2 . Here, we exploit cryogenic nano-infrared imaging to investigate propagating HPP in isotopically pure hBN and naturally abundant -MoO 3 crystals. Close to liquid-nitrogen temperatures, the losses for HPP in isotopic hBN drop significantly, resulting in propagation lengths in excess of 25 micrometers, with lifetimes exceeding 5 picoseconds, thereby surpassing prior reports on such highly-confined polaritonic modes.Our nanoscale, temperature-dependent imaging reveals the relevance of acoustic phonons in hyperbolic polariton damping and will be instrumental in mitigating such losses for miniaturized middle infrared technologies operating at the liquid-nitrogen temperatures.

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Twisted Nano-Optics: Manipulating Light at the Nanoscale with Twisted Phonon Polaritonic Slabs

Cited by 167 publications

References 29 publications

Tailoring Light with Layered and Moiré Metasurfaces

Tailoring Light with Layered and Moiré Metasurfaces

Nanoscale‐Confined Terahertz Polaritons in a van der Waals Crystal

Long-Lived Phonon Polaritons in Hyperbolic Materials

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