Two Asian Freshwater Snails Newly Introduced into South Africa and an Analysis of Alien Species Reported to Date

Appleton, C.C.; Miranda, Nelson A.F.

doi:10.5733/afin.056.0102

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In some cases, this species has been found with more than one type of cercariae, including Gymnocephalous cercariae, which represent either fasciolids or amphistomes; however, co-infection by two different cercariae has never been reported (Wamae & Cheruiyot, 1990; Phiri et al ., 2007; Moema et al ., 2008; Walker et al ., 2008). Other lymnaeid species have been reported to transmit F. gigantica elsewhere in the world (Brown, 1994; Grabner et al ., 2014; Appleton & Miranda, 2015) and R. auricularia has been reported in South Africa and Botswana (Malatji et al , 2019), R. rubiginosa in South Africa (Appleton & Miranda, 2015) and P. columella in South Africa (De Kock & Wolmarans, 1998; Wolmarans & De Kock, 2006; De Kock & Wolmarans, 2008; Perissinotto et al ., 2014; Kemp et al , 2016) and Namibia (Curtis, 1991). In South Africa, P. columella has been found naturally infected with F. gigantica and Echinostoma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fasciolaspecies and their vertebrate and snail intermediate hosts in East and Southern Africa: a review

2019

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A systematic review was conducted focusing on the distribution of Fasciola species and their snail intermediate hosts (IHs) in East and Southern Africa. The reviewed literature showed that both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica are present in East and Southern Africa, and infect a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants. Fasciola gigantica was reported in six East African and five Southern African countries, where Radix natalensis (found in low altitudes) was reported to be the main IH. Fasciola hepatica was reported in Tanzania and Ethiopia (East Africa), and in South Africa and Zimbabwe (Southern Africa), where Galba truncatula (found in high altitudes) was documented as the IH in all countries except in Zimbabwe. Both Fasciola species were documented in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. An overlap of the two was observed in areas with an intermediate altitude in Ethiopia and South Africa, where Pseudosuccinea columella was widespread and assumed to transmit both species. Pseudosuccinea columella has been reported in South Africa and Namibia, and proven to transmit F. gigantica in South Africa; its role in Namibia in the transmission of Fasciola species has not been reported. Other lymnaeid species such as R. rubiginosa were reported in South Africa, and R. auricularia in South Africa and Botswana; their role in the transmission of Fasciola species has not been proven. Future studies should aim to determine the role of P. columella in the geographical spread of the two species in East and Southern African countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fasciolaspecies and their vertebrate and snail intermediate hosts in East and Southern Africa: a review

2019

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“…Given that attempted control programs have been largely unsuccessful (Magaisa, Taylor, Kjetland, & Naidoo, 2015), this figure is likely an underestimate for the current situation. It is likely that the alien gastropods that were reported as vectors of the disease in this study (Aplexa marmorata and Radix rubiginosa), and which both occur in South African schistosomiasis risk areas (Appleton & Miranda, 2015;Magaisa et al, 2015), play a role in transmission to humans in South Africa, despite no disease transmission socioeconomic impacts being recorded there. Angiostrongylus cantonensis has been found in South Africa in rats in KwaZulu-Natal (Archer, Appleton, Mukaratirwa, & Hope, 2011).…”

Section: South Africa May Be Particularly Vulnerable To High Impacts Bymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Despite a lack of evidence of infection in humans in South Africa, it is likely, as in other Southern Hemisphere countries (e.g., Brazil, Australia), multiple cases of human infection transmitted by South African alien gastropods were recorded in this study (Caldeira et al., ; Morassutti, Thiengo, Fernandez, Sawanyawisuth, & Graeff‐Teixeira, ; Rambo, Agostini, & Graeff‐Teixeira, ; Senanayake et al., ). Furthermore, there are multiple species alien to South Africa, all which occur in KwaZulu‐Natal (Appleton & Miranda, ; Herbert, ), that have been shown to vector the disease ( Cornu aspersum, Limax maximus, Bradybaena similaris, Deroceras laeve, Physa acuta, Limacus flavus, Zonitoides arboreus, Deroceras reticulatum, Lehmannia valentiana, and Oxychilus alliarius ). It is unclear to what degree these alien gastropods may pose a disease threat to humans in South Africa, and if their eradication would benefit public health, as other native or non‐native species may simply provide vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite a lack of evidence of infection in humans in South Africa, it is likely, as in other Southern Hemisphere countries (e.g., Brazil, Australia), multiple cases of human infection transmitted by South African alien gastropods were recorded in this study (Caldeira et al, 2007;Morassutti, Thiengo, Fernandez, Sawanyawisuth, & Graeff-Teixeira, 2014;Rambo, Agostini, & Graeff-Teixeira, 1997;Senanayake et al, 2003). Furthermore, there are multiple species alien to South Africa, all which occur in KwaZulu-Natal (Appleton & Miranda, 2015;Herbert, 2010) is needed. Nonetheless, it is unlikely that developing countries with a lack of management resources and other urgent socioeconomic problems will have the capacity to manage the multiple alien gastropods that pose a disease threat to humans.…”

Section: South Africa May Be Particularly Vulnerable To High Impacts Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastropods alien to South Africa cause severe environmental harm in their global alien ranges across habitats

Kesner

Kumschick

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Alien gastropods have caused extensive harm to biodiversity and socioeconomic systems like agriculture and horticulture worldwide. For conservation and management purposes, information on impacts needs to be easily interpretable and comparable, and the factors that determine impacts understood. This study aimed to assess gastropods alien to South Africa to compare impact severity between species and understand how they vary between habitats and mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between environmental and socioeconomic impacts, and both impact measures with life‐history traits. We used the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio‐Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) to assess impacts of 34 gastropods alien to South Africa including evidence of impact from their entire alien range. We tested for correlations between environmental and socioeconomic impacts per species, and with fecundity and native latitude range using Kendall's tau tests. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare impact magnitude among mechanisms and habitats, respectively. This study presents the first application of EICAT and SEICAT for invertebrates. There was no correlation between environmental impacts and socioeconomic impacts. Habitats did not differ regarding the severity of impacts recorded, but impacts via disease transmission were lower than other mechanisms. Neither fecundity nor native range latitude was correlated with impact magnitude. Despite gastropods being agricultural and horticultural pests globally, resilience of socioeconomic systems makes high impacts uncommon. Environmental systems may be vulnerable to gastropod impacts across habitats, having experienced multiple local extinctions of wetland island snail fauna. South Africa stands out as the only continental country that follows this trend. The knowledge gained on severity and nature of gastropod impacts is useful in risk assessment, which can aid conservation management. To make impact assessments more realistic, we suggest alternative ways of reporting impacts classified under EICAT and SEICAT.

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“…Molluscs are one of the largest invertebrate groups in South Africa with >5000 species in freshwater, marine and terrestrial environments (Hebert et al 2011). Thirteen alien freshwater snails are known to be present in South African fresh waters, ten of which were introduced via the aquarium and/or ornamental plant trade (Appleton and Miranda 2015;Lawton et al 2018). Seven of these species have naturalised and four-Quilted Melania Tarebia granifera (Fig.…”

Section: Molluscamentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien Freshwater Fauna in South Africa

Weyl

Ellender

Wasserman

et al. 2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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Two Asian Freshwater Snails Newly Introduced into South Africa and an Analysis of Alien Species Reported to Date

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Fasciolaspecies and their vertebrate and snail intermediate hosts in East and Southern Africa: a review

Fasciolaspecies and their vertebrate and snail intermediate hosts in East and Southern Africa: a review

Gastropods alien to South Africa cause severe environmental harm in their global alien ranges across habitats

Alien Freshwater Fauna in South Africa

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