Two Closely Related Novel Picornaviruses in Cattle and Sheep in Hungary from 2008 to 2009, Proposed as Members of a New Genus in the Family Picornaviridae

Reuter, Gábor; Pankovics, Péter; Knowles, Nick J.; Boros, Ákos

doi:10.1128/jvi.01142-12

Cited by 42 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…picornaviridae.com), and the continuous discovery of new species has further expanded the diversity of this family (Boros et al, , 2013Honkavuori et al, 2011;Kapoor et al, 2008a, b;Li et al, 2009;Lim et al, 2014;Ng et al, 2012;Reuter et al, 2012;Sauvage et al, 2012;Woo et al, 2010Woo et al, , 2012. A number of picornaviruses have been detected in mammalian faeces, but picornavirus has not been reported in shrews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis of the shrew enteric virome reveals novel viruses related to human stool-associated viruses

Sasaki

Orba

Ueno

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Shrews are small insectivorous mammals that are distributed worldwide. Similar to rodents, shrews live on the ground and are commonly found near human residences. In this study, we investigated the enteric virome of wild shrews in the genus Crocidura using a sequence-independent viral metagenomics approach. A large portion of the shrew enteric virome was composed of insect viruses, whilst novel viruses including cyclovirus, picornavirus and picorna-like virus were also identified. Several cycloviruses, including variants of human cycloviruses detected in cerebrospinal fluid and stools, were detected in wild shrews at a high prevalence rate. The identified picornavirus was distantly related to human parechovirus, inferring the presence of a new genus in this family. The identified picorna-like viruses were characterized as different species of calhevirus 1, which was discovered previously in human stools. Complete or nearly complete genome sequences of these novel viruses were determined in this study and then were subjected to further genetic characterization. Our study provides an initial view of the diversity and distinctiveness of the shrew enteric virome and highlights unique novel viruses related to human stool-associated viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis of the shrew enteric virome reveals novel viruses related to human stool-associated viruses

Sasaki

Orba

Ueno

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…However, picornavirus taxonomy is still in flux, as next-generation sequencing technologies facilitate metagenomics studies using viral nucleic acid-containing specimens. Analysis of viral genomes without prior virus isolation led to the identification of more than 30 approved or tentative picornavirus species from humans (cosavirus [3], salivirus [4], saffold virus [5], and rhinovirus-C [6]), rodents (mosavirus, rosavirus, and murine kobuvirus [7]), pinnipeds (seal picornavirus [8] and California sea lion sapelovirus [9]), domestic cats and dogs (feline picornavirus [10], canine picornavirus [11], canine kobuvirus [12], and canine picodicistrovirus [2]), ungulates (bovine hungarovirus, ovine hungarovirus [13], swine pasivirus [14], and porcine kobuvirus [15]), birds (turdiviruses 1 to 3 [16], turkey hepatitis virus [17], pigeon picornaviruses A and B [18], quail picornavirus [19], and gallivirus [20]), and bats (bat picornaviruses 1 to 3 [21], bat kobuvirus-like virus [22], Rhinolophus affinis picornavirus, Ia io picornavirus, and Miniopterus schreibersii picornavirus [23]). …”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Picornavirus Isolate from a Diseased European Eel ( Anguilla anguilla )

Fichtner

Philipps

Groth

et al. 2013

J Virol

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A novel picornavirus was isolated from specimens of a diseased European eel (Anguilla anguilla). This virus induced a cytopathic effect in eel embryonic kidney cells and high mortality in a controlled transmission study using elvers. Eel picornavirus has a genome of 7,496 nucleotides that encodes a polyprotein of 2,259 amino acids. It has a typical picornavirus genome layout, but its low similarity to known viral proteins suggests a novel species in the family Picornaviridae.A ll members of the family Picornaviridae are small, nonenveloped, icosahedral viruses with positive-strand RNA genomes. Genome sizes range from 7,000 to 9,100 nucleotides. The 5= end of the RNA is covalently linked to a small virus-encoded peptide (3B); the 3= end is polyadenylated. The genome encodes one or two polyproteins that are processed co-and posttranslationally into 10 to 14 mature polypeptides. Cap-independent translation initiation is stimulated by one or two internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements. Common to all picornaviruses are homologous capsid proteins and the nonstructural proteins 2C, 3Cpro , and 3Dpol . The sequences of other nonstructural proteins (leader protein, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B) are not conserved and may be unique to some picornavirus genera (1, 2).The family Picornaviridae is currently comprised of 37 species grouped into 17 genera (Aphthovirus, Aquamavirus, Avihepatovirus, Cardiovirus, Cosavirus, Dicipivirus, Enterovirus, Erbovirus, Hepatovirus, Kobuvirus, Megrivirus, Parechovirus, Salivirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Teschovirus, and Tremovirus; http: //ictvonline.org/). However, picornavirus taxonomy is still in flux, as next-generation sequencing technologies facilitate metagenomics studies using viral nucleic acid-containing specimens. Analysis of viral genomes without prior virus isolation led to the identification of more than 30 approved or tentative picornavirus species from humans (cosavirus [3] Although all published picornaviruses were identified in mammals and birds, there are reports of picornavirus-like viruses of reptiles (24, 25), fish (26-31), and marine invertebrates (32-35), indicating circulation of such viruses in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we describe a fish picornavirus which proves that picornavirus ecology indeed includes lower vertebrates of freshwater and probably marine ecosystems. Eel picornavirus 1 (EPV-1) was isolated from a European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Lake Constance on the Rhine River. The viral genome contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 6,777 nucleotides (2,259 amino acids [aa]), and the predicted polyprotein displays the typical organization of a picornavirus. According to the Picornavirus Study Group criteria (www .picornastudygroup.com/definitions/genus_definition.htm), low similarity to the conserved P1 and 3CD precursor proteins of EPV-1 suggests a novel genus in the family Picornaviridae.Starting in May 2005, an increased number of diseased or dead eels were observed in fish traps and aquacultures in the Lake Constance area. Diseased fish presented with...

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“…4 proteins can be influenced by the presence or absence of a leader (L) protein upstream of the capsid proteins, the cleavage of VP0 into VP4 and VP2 or the presence of multiple 2A (Knowles et al, 2012 (Wang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted initiation codon was mapped at nt positions 868-870, which is in an optimal (Reuter et al, 2012;Reuter et al, 2014). The 3'UTR is 101nt long and similar nt sequences were not found in GenBank.…”

Section: Analysis Of Untranslated Regions (5'utr and 3'utr) And Cis-amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ljungan/Sebokele-like picornavirus in birds of prey, common kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus ) and red-footed falcon ( F. vespertinus )

Pankovics

Boros

Mátics

et al. 2017

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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(www.picornaviridae.com, Adams et al., 2017). Human parechoviruses are important pathogens in humans especially in infants and young children and are associated with a wide spectrum and severity of diseases (Harvala et al., 2010). Ljungan and Sebokele viruses are thought to be rodent-borne viruses. Ljungan virus was first isolated from bank voles in Sweden (Niklasson & Le Duc, 1984) and it has been suggested to be the zoonotic etiological agent of myocarditis, type-1 diabetes mellitus and possibly other human diseases (Niklasson et al., 1998; Niklasson et al., 2007). Sebokele virus was originally isolated in 1972 fromAfrican wood mice (Digoutte and Germain, 1985; Joffret et al., 2013). Recently, Ljungan virus was also detected in wild birds, in gull species in Japan (Mitake et al., 2016).In general, picornaviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense, 7.2-10.1 kb-long polyadenylated genomic RNA. Picornaviral genomes have a common organization pattern: viral polyprotein coding single open reading frame (ORF) (except for the genus Dicipivirus which has two ORFs separated by an untranslated region) is flanked by the highly structured 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) (Knowles et al., 2012).The picornavirus genomes consist of essential secondary RNA structures functioning as a cisacting RNA sequences e.g. internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) (Martínez-Salas et al., 2015) and cis-acting replication element (cre) (Tolf et al., 2009). Generally, the viral polyprotein (VP) processed to form three or four capsid monomer proteins (VP0-VP3-VP1 or VP4-VP2-VP3-VP1), and at least seven non-structural proteins: 2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D; however, differences occur in picornaviruses of different genera. The numbers of the cleaved individual ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTA C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T Birds are well known reservoirs of numerous viral pathogens such as avian influenza virus, West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus in humans (Reed et al., 2003).However, compared to the ten thousands of known bird species, rather few picornaviruses have been described from avian sources, often from faecal samples, and most of these have been identified in the last decade from domestic birds (Boros et al., 2013; Boros et al., 2014b). Birds have the potential also to serve as powerful biomonitors and can be used to survey for factors that may pose both public and wildlife health concerns (Pollack et al., 2017).In this study, a novel member of the genus Parechovirus was detected and characterized from faecal samples of birds of prey, a picornavirus related to Ljungan and Sebokele viruses. Materials and MethodsIn June 2014, faecal samples were collected from wild birds of prey, from 11 common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and 7 red-footed falcons (F. vespertinus) from Gara (46°03 '28.77"N 19°02'38.50"E) and Kardoskút (46°50'43.30"N 20°64'32.92"E) (Phan et al., 2013). Viral-particle protected nucleic acids were extracted using QIAamp spin-column technique (Qiagen) and subjected to a viral metage...

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Two Closely Related Novel Picornaviruses in Cattle and Sheep in Hungary from 2008 to 2009, Proposed as Members of a New Genus in the Family Picornaviridae

Cited by 42 publications

References 30 publications

Metagenomic analysis of the shrew enteric virome reveals novel viruses related to human stool-associated viruses

Metagenomic analysis of the shrew enteric virome reveals novel viruses related to human stool-associated viruses

Characterization of a Novel Picornavirus Isolate from a Diseased European Eel ( Anguilla anguilla )

Ljungan/Sebokele-like picornavirus in birds of prey, common kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus ) and red-footed falcon ( F. vespertinus )

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