Two counter-expectation markers in Chinese

Chang, Miao-Hsia

doi:10.1515/9783110335453.141

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Em se tratando de um fenômeno cognitivo geral, é possível também observar outras construções do PB, como também de outras línguas. A literatura apresenta alguns trabalhos sobre padrões gramaticais, por exemplo, do japonês (Sawada, 2022), do tailandês (Tawilapakul, 2013) e do mandarim (Chang, 2015), de modo que incorporá-los à descrição feita aqui é valioso. Seria interessante também investigar a noção de miratividade, conceito alinhado ao de contraexpectativa, avaliando se ele tem algo a oferecer a esta análise.…”

Section: Conclusões E Algumas Projeçõesunclassified

Pragmática e Cognição: a codificação gramatical da expectativa

Sousa,

Pinheiro

2024

Palimpsesto

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Sistematicamente, os falantes marcam, na gramática, cálculos acerca de quais acreditam ser as expectativas dos ouvintes em relação ao mundo. Neste artigo, fazemos uma análise desse fenômeno, primeiramente, da perspectiva da estrutura informacional. Defendemos que a evocação do cálculo de expectativa acontece via pressuposição. Assim, defendemos que deve haver, para além das pressuposições de topicalidade, consciência e conhecimento, uma pressuposição de expectativa, não prevista na tipologia de Lambrecht (1994). Para explorar a diferença entre conhecimento e expectativa, fazemos também uma análise de modelos cognitivos idealizados da Gramática Cognitiva de Langacker (1991), demonstrando que se trata de fenômenos cognitivamente distintos.

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Section: Conclusões E Algumas Projeçõesunclassified

Pragmática e Cognição: a codificação gramatical da expectativa

Sousa,

Pinheiro

2024

Palimpsesto

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“…Similar to the case of ka and hōo, chiong is used in directives where S expresses his/her intent in a straightforward or determined tone, e.g., (55), where the mother is telling the bandit with strong determination that she doesn't want herself and her son to be torn apart. In (56), on the other hand, two formulaic sequences co-occur in one turn: the derogatory comment lí chin gōng 'You are so stupid' and the comment sòah bōe hiáutit 'How (do you) not know' with the counter-expectation marker soah (Chang 2015). These lexical chunks are used to demonstrate S's extreme irritation and contempt for H. In (57), the benefactive verb thòe can be substituted by the coverb kā.…”

Section: Complex Verb Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other discourse elements include expressions in the form of a semantically weak lexical bundle composed of a first person subject and an evidential verb (goá khòaⁿ 'I see') or an epistemic verb (goá siū n 'I think') (cf. Kärkkainen 2003), a sequential marker (soah 'then' and tēit hoan 'first'), an attitudinal marker (e.g., soahbēhiáu 'How do you not know') (Chang 2015), or a consequential marker (e.g., sóoyí 'so'). As indicated in Table 4 (Appendix II), these markers are most frequent in suggestion, which might be due to the mild tone they convey.…”

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confidence: 99%

A corpus-based study of directives in Taiwanese Southern Min

Chang

Iunn

2021

ConSL

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This study aims to examine the subtypes of directives and their realization patterns in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM). The data were drawn from a play script corpus published in the 20th century. Nine directive subtypes were identified: advice, begging, invitation, order, offer, request, suggestion, urge, and warning. The realization patterns were analyzed in terms of the main components in the directives: alerter, discourse marker, politeness marker, subject, modal expression, verb phrase, and utterance final particle. The analysis reveals a number of features: (1) Alerters mainly take the form of an address term; (2) Utterance-initial discourse markers are mainly realized by tan ‘now’; (3) The subject is either hearer-dominated or speaker- and hearer-dominated, with the latter expressing solidarity in casual situations; (4) the politeness marker chhiáⁿ tends to take an overt subject; (5) The modal verb tio̍h accounts for the majority of subtypes; (6) The dominant verb types include dynamic, stative, uttering, and ingesting verbs; (7) Complex verb constructions mainly include directional verbs, disposal markers, and benefactive verbs; (8) Directional verbs are pervasive across all directives. A metaphorical transfer is operative in the use of directional verbs. Those marking an action toward the speaker (e.g., lâi ‘come’) are strongly associated with a positive attitude, while those expressing movement away from the speaker (e.g., khì ‘go’) are highly connected to an adversative mood. The omnipresence of [lâi V] suggests that it has been conventionalized as a default bundle to express politeness.

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“…Findings which suggest convergence in modern Chinese and English should not be used to argue for premodern Chinese ways of thought as the languages and contexts in which they are employed are significantly different. For the role of CMT in modern Chinese, see N. Yu 1998, Yang 2011, and Chang 2015 cognitive processes-especially of nonliving individuals and communities. Resorting to the linguistic, and particularly the written, artifacts of specific communities is a reasonable alternative route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metaphors of Metaphors: Reflections on the Use of Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Premodern Chinese Texts

Gandolfo

2019

Dao

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In this essay, I challenge the use of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) in the premodern Chinese setting. The dominant, implicit assumption in the literature is that conclusions reached by CMT on the ways in which cognition operates can be applied in toto and without qualification onto the makers of classical Chinese texts. I want to challenge this assumption and argue that textual evidence from premodern Chinese points to a different cognitive process. Differences in the use and conceptualization of image-based thinking as well as differences in the understanding of the relationship between words, images, and the world reveal a different cognitive process. However, I do not wish to argue for a total abandonment of the insights of CMT. Rather, I call for the need to properly qualify its findings in light of premodern Chinese use and conceptions of image-based language.

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Two counter-expectation markers in Chinese

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Pragmática e Cognição: a codificação gramatical da expectativa

Pragmática e Cognição: a codificação gramatical da expectativa

A corpus-based study of directives in Taiwanese Southern Min

Metaphors of Metaphors: Reflections on the Use of Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Premodern Chinese Texts

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