Two dimensional fluid flow models at two gas hydrate sites offshore southwestern Taiwan

Chen, Liwen; Chi, Wu‐Cheng; Wu, Shao-Kai; Liu, Char‐Shine; Shyu, Chuen-Tien; Wang, Yunshuen; Chang-yi, LU

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.01.004

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(Fig. 7) is presented based on seismic interpretations in this study and thermal-modeling proposed by Chen et al (2014). The gases formed deep in the strata migrate upward to form gas hydrate in the sedimentary layers above BSR, part of the free gases are trapped below BSR.…”

Section: Fluid Circulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…These processes could explain the observed geothermal gradient and heat flows around the Formosa Ridge are lower than its nearby area (Chen et al 2012;Liao et al 2014). The two dimensional thermal-modeling around Formosa Ridge proposed by Chen et al (2014) presents temperature reductions along the ridge, but higher geothermal gradients on the flanks and lower gradients under the summit of the ridge. These thermal simulations also suggest that the observed variations in temperature changes and geothermal gradients cannot be explained only by vertically upward fluid migration.…”

Section: Fluid Circulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Fluid activities are evident from various features such as mud volcanoes, vigorous vents and seismic wipe outs observed on sub-bottom (3.5 kHz and chirp sonar) and seismic reflection profile data (Chiu et al 2006;Chen et al 2012Chen et al , 2014Klaucke et al 2016). Authigenic carbonates with highly depleted carbon isotope values and authigenic pyrites have been found in the cored seafloor sediments, indicating that there are methane carrying seeps in this area (Huang et al 2006;Tong et al 2013;Han et al 2014;Guan et al 2016), deep-towed camera images also confirm wide spread authigenic carbonates on the seafloor with some chemosynthetic communities composed of bacteria mats and clams at some of the suspected cold seep sites (Lin et al 2007a;Wang and Liu 2009;Berndt 2013;Yang et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the Formosa Ridge became a hot spot to study biogeochemical processes Guan et al 2016), fluid migration and heat flow activity (Chen et al 2012(Chen et al , 2014Liao et al 2014). While these data indicate that fluid circulation systems occur on the crest of the Formosa Ridge, which provide methane to the seafloor to support active chemosynthetic biologic communities, little has been published on the geologic controls of this cold seep site Berndt 2013;Berndt et al 2014;Liao et al 2014;Swidinsky et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic imaging of the Formosa Ridge cold seep site offshore of southwestern Taiwan

et al. 2017

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Multi-scale reflection seismic data, from deep-penetration to high-resolution, have been analyzed and integrated with nearsurface geophysical and geochemical data to investigate the structures and gas hydrate system of the Formosa Ridge offshore of southwestern Taiwan. In 2007, dense and large chemosynthetic communities were discovered on top of the Formosa Ridge at water depth of 1125 m by the ROV Hyper-Dolphin. A continuous and strong BSR has been observed on seismic profiles from 300 to 500 ms two-way-travel-time below the seafloor of this ridge. Sedimentary strata of the Formosa Ridge are generally flat lying which suggests that this ridge was formed by submarine erosion processes of down-slope canyon development. In addition, some sediment waves and mass wasting features are present on the ridge. Beneath the cold seep site, a vertical blanking zone, or seismic chimney, is clearly observed on seismic profiles, and it is interpreted to be a fluid conduit. A thick low velocity zone beneath BSR suggests the presence of a gas reservoir there. This "gas reservoir" is shallower than the surrounding canyon floors along the ridge; therefore as warm methane-rich fluids inside the ridge migrate upward, sulfate carried by cold sea water can flow into the fluid system from both flanks of the ridge. This process may drive a fluid circulation system and the active cold seep site which emits both hydrogen sulfide and methane to feed the chemosynthetic communities.

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Section: Fluid Circulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Fluid Circulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic imaging of the Formosa Ridge cold seep site offshore of southwestern Taiwan

et al. 2017

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“…In the south, it is characterized by the base of the slope and a deepwater area of 2600-3600 m in depth with a gentle slope (less than 0.2°). The upper slope, especially the Formosa Ridge and the Jiulong Ridge, is investigated in detail by the Taiwan Gas Hydrate Research Team (e.g., Chen et al, 2014;Liao et al, 2014). This canyon turns to an east-west direction at the base of slope and runs eastwardly to join the north-northwest-trending Penghu Canyon in the east, which lies along the deformation front.…”

Section: Regional Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on tectonic and sedimentary development in the rifted northern continental margin of the South China Sea near Taiwan

et al. 2016

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A series of Cenozoic rifted basins developed in the northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS). Tainan Basin is one of these rifted basins near Taiwan, lying in the outer margin. We have used reflection seismic data in the deepwater areas and boreholes drilled in the shelf of the Tainan Basin to understand the tectonic and sedimentary development in the northern SCS margin near Taiwan. Four key stratal surfaces (i.e., the base of the Pleistocene Series, the base of the Pliocene Series, the 17 Ma maximum flooding surface [MFS], and a breakup unconformity of approximately 30 Ma in age) and seven seismic facies (i.e., continuous-and parallel-layer seismic facies, wavy seismic facies, chaotic seismic facies, U-shaped canyon-cut seismic facies, imbricated-layer seismic facies, high-amplitude reflector package seismic facies, and extrusive volcanism seismic facies) are recognized from seismic data with ages constrained by borehole stratigraphy drilled in the shelf. We have established a model for Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary development in the rifted northern margin of the SCS near Taiwan. The occurrence of Paleogene fault-bounded grabens/half-grabens topped by a breakup unconformity and draped by postrift sediments indicates that these deepwater rifted basins developed on the continental crust, attesting that a thinned continental crust underlies the deepwater study area, rather than oceanic crust as reported in some literature. Postbreakup extrusive volcanic bodies, of early Miocene age, were buried by thick deepwater sediments. Fairly continuous stratal surfaces of 17 Ma MFS reveal that volcanic activities ceased to be active since middle Miocene. A series of channel cut-and-fills is observed in late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene strata beneath and to the south of the modern Formosa Canyon. Two distinct fields of deepwater sediment waves developed since middle Pleistocene are found lying to the west of modern deformation front/Manila Trench and to the north and south of the Formosa Canyon, respectively.

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Gas Hydrate and Fluid-Related Seismic Indicators Across the Passive and Active Margins off SW Taiwan

Lin

Liu

Berndt

et al. 2022

World Atlas of Submarine Gas Hydrates in Continental Margins

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Two dimensional fluid flow models at two gas hydrate sites offshore southwestern Taiwan

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Seismic imaging of the Formosa Ridge cold seep site offshore of southwestern Taiwan

Seismic imaging of the Formosa Ridge cold seep site offshore of southwestern Taiwan

A study on tectonic and sedimentary development in the rifted northern continental margin of the South China Sea near Taiwan

Gas Hydrate and Fluid-Related Seismic Indicators Across the Passive and Active Margins off SW Taiwan

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