Two-dimensional Na–Cl crystals of unconventional stoichiometries on graphene surface from dilute solution at ambient conditions

Shi, Guosheng; Chen, Liang; Yang, Yizhou; Li, Deyuan; Qian, Zhe; Liang, Shanshan; Liu, Yan; Li, Lu Hua; Wu, Minghong; Fang, Haiping

doi:10.1038/s41557-018-0061-4

Cited by 130 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…2D, nonstoichiometric Na 2 Cl and Na 3 Cl crystals were observed on the surfaces of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes and natural graphite powders under ambient conditions, as shown in Figure 6b. [ 84 ] The results were further confirmed by theoretical studies using molecular dynamics and DFT calculations, indicating that the strong Na + –π interactions at the cation‐graphite surfaces accounted for the unconventional crystallization process. The strong interactions and charge transfer between Na + and the π system resulted in the excessive adsorption of Na + to form Na‐Cl crystals of nonstoichiometry.…”

Section: Other Typical Applications Of Cation–π Interactions In Graphmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Cation–π Interactions in Graphene‐Containing Systems for Water Treatment and Beyond

2020

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was also recognized. [2] In addition to these forces, one intriguing noncovalent interaction: cation-π interaction, has emerged as an intermolecular force of great significance in chemistry, biology, and materials science. [3] The cation-π interactions basically refers to the interplay between cations and the π electron cloud of an aromatic system. It plays a great role in biological systems for molecular recognition, protein-protein interactions, and the maintenance of macromolecular structures. It also occurs in protein-ligand interactions and protein-DNA complexes. In structural biology, the positively charged amino acids interact with aromatic amino acids, which contribute to the formation of complex protein structures. The amide NHs are in close contact with the aromatic ring of another amino acid in the protein crystal structures. [4] The cation-π interactions are of great importance to protein stability. There is at least one intermolecular cation-π interaction in half of proteins and one third of homodimers, [5] making significant contributions to the tertiary and quaternary protein structures caused by protein folding. In addition, metallic cations, such as Na + , K + , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Ca 2+ , exist in many enzymes. Their interactions with the π systems in protein structures cannot be ignored. In molecular neurobiology, many studies have proved that receptors bind the neurotransmitters through cation-π interactions. [6] The cation-π interaction is electrostatic in nature because the major contributions arise from the electrostatic attractions between cations and the quadrupole moment of the aromatics. [7] As a result, the strength of cation-π interactions can be the strongest among the noncovalent interactions, several times greater than others. It can also be regulated to be weak, depending on the type of cations and the nature of the π system. The adjustability of cation-π interaction offers a potential strategy to modify the neighboring environment where it is involved.Graphene, a 2D carbon network, with carbon atoms jointed together in a hexagonal honeycomb matrix, can be taken as a novel aromatic macromolecule from certain points of view. The unique structure endows it with excellent physicochemical, electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, leading to its potential applications in broad fields. [8] The interplay between cations and the delocalized polarizable π electrons of graphene, would alter the intrinsic characteristics of graphene-based structures and impart influences on the performance of graphene-based devices.Cation-π interactions are common in nature, especially in organisms. Their profound influences in chemistry, physics, and biology have been continuously investigated since they were discovered in 1981. However, the importance of cation-π interactions in materials science, regarding carbonaceous nanomaterials, has just been realized. The interplay between cations and delocalized polarizable π electrons of graphene would bring about significant changes to the intrinsic...

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Section: Other Typical Applications Of Cation–π Interactions In Graphmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Other Typical Applications Of Cation–π Interactions In Graphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cation–π Interactions in Graphene‐Containing Systems for Water Treatment and Beyond

2020

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“…The oxygen‐containing groups on rGO NSs induced strong adsorption of the precursors into the interlayer space of rGO, which facilitated the nucleation and growth of MoS 2 NSs in such a confined environment. More recently, Fang and co‐workers found that the 2D NaCl crystals with unconventional stoichiometries (i.e., Na 2 Cl and Na 3 Cl) can be obtained in the interlayer region of rGO (Figure 2c) 60. The formation of 2D NaCl crystals was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), from which a new Bragg peak at ≈32° is observed (Figure 2d).…”

Section: D Nanostructured Materials Based On Confined Synthesismentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: D Nanostructured Materials Based On Confined Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Confined Synthesis of 2D Nanostructured Materials toward Electrocatalysis

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

155

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2D nanostructured materials have shown great application prospects in energy conversion, owing to their unique structural features and fascinating physicochemical properties. Developing efficient approaches for the synthesis of well‐defined 2D nanostructured materials with controllable composition and morphology is critical. The emerging concept, confined synthesis, has been regarded as a promising strategy to design and synthesize novel 2D nanostructured materials. This review mainly summarizes the recent advances in confined synthesis of 2D nanostructured materials by using layered materials as host matrices (also denoted as “nanoreactors”). By virtue of the space‐ and surface‐confinement effects of these layered hosts, various well‐organized 2D nanostructured materials, including 2D metals, 2D metal compounds, 2D carbon materials, 2D polymers, 2D metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs), as well as 2D carbon nitrides are successfully synthesized. The wide employment of these 2D materials in electrocatalytic applications (e.g., electrochemical oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions, small molecule oxidation, and oxygen reduction reaction) is presented and discussed. In the final section, challenges and prospects in 2D confined synthesis from the viewpoint of designing new materials and exploring practical applications are commented, which would push this fast‐evolving field a step further toward greater success in both fundamental studies and ultimate industrialization.

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“…GO displays an extensive prospect in fields such as nanofiltration [23,24], gas separation [25,26], forward osmosis [27], PV [28][29][30][31][32], ion sieving etc. [33][34][35][36][37]. Although CG was widely applied in semiconductors [38,39], supercapacitors [40], electrochemiluminescence [41], biosensors [42][43][44], and hydrogels [45], less literature is available on its application in membrane separation comparing with GO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Carboxyl Graphene Membranes for Ethanol Dehydration by Pervaporation

et al. 2020

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Carboxyl graphene (CG) with two functions of hybridization and crosslinking was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix to form PVA/CG mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs). The membranes demonstrated excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. The improved hydrophilicity and formed crosslinking structure led to moderate swelling. The membrane crystallinity decreased and the free volume was promoted with increasing CG loading amount. The pervaporation (PV) separation performance for ethanol dehydration indicated that both permeation flux and separation factor were enhanced simultaneously at the optimum CG loading. Subsequently, the permeation flux continued to increase while the separation factor declined at higher CG loadings.

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Two-dimensional Na–Cl crystals of unconventional stoichiometries on graphene surface from dilute solution at ambient conditions

Cited by 130 publications

References 32 publications

Cation–π Interactions in Graphene‐Containing Systems for Water Treatment and Beyond

Cation–π Interactions in Graphene‐Containing Systems for Water Treatment and Beyond

Confined Synthesis of 2D Nanostructured Materials toward Electrocatalysis

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Carboxyl Graphene Membranes for Ethanol Dehydration by Pervaporation

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