Two‐Dimensional Silicene/Silicon Nanosheets: An Emerging Silicon‐Composed Nanostructure in Biomedicine

Abstract

Silicon‐composed nanomedicines are one of the most representative inorganic nanosystems in theranostic biomedicine. The emerging of new family members of silicon‐composed nanosystems substantially contributes to their further clinical translation. 2D silicene/silicon nanosheets have recently been developed as an emerging topology of silicon‐composed nanoparticles, which features unique planar nanostructure with large surface area, abundant surface chemistry, specific physiochemical property, and desirable biological effects. This progress report highlights and discusses the state‐of‐art developments of the elaborate construction of 2D silicene/silicon nanosheets for versatile biomedical applications, including top–down fabrication, multifunctionalization, surface engineering, and their available biomedical applications in tumor theranostics (e.g., bioimaging, photothermal ablation, chemotherapy, chemoreactive nanotherapy, radiotherapy, and synergistic nanotherapy) and antibacteria. Their large surface area originating from 2D nanostructure not only enables efficient loading and delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, but also guarantees the multifunctionalization. Especially, 2D silicene/silicon nanosheets harness desirable photothermal‐conversion performance for photonic hyperthermia and photoacoustic imaging in the near infrared biowindow, accompanied with the desirable biodegradability and biocompatibility, which is typically not possessed in other silicon‐composed counterparts. The multivariate analysis on the facing challenges and future developments of these 2D silicene/silicon nanosheets have also been conducted and outlooked for further underpinning their clinical translations.

Molybdenum‐Based Nanomaterials for Photothermal Cancer Therapy

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Therefore, nanomaterials with NIR absorption show great potential in PTT for disease treatment and clinical diagnosis. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] PTT using nanomaterials is a new modality for tumor diagnosis and treatment that can achieve an impressive combination of phototherapy and nanomaterials. It has shown great potential in translational medicine and clinical applications.…”

Pentagonal 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: PdSe2 and Beyond

“…[20][21][22][23][24] 2D materials promise novel properties such as superconductivity, [25][26][27] magnetism, [28][29][30] as well as applications in electronics, [31][32][33] optics, [34][35][36] energy storage, [37][38][39] sensors, [40][41][42][43] and biomedicine. [44][45][46] A range of 2D materials beyond graphene, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), [47][48][49] elemental 2D materials, [50][51][52] transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), [53][54][55][56][57][58] MXenes, [59][60][61][62] graphitic carbon nitride, [63] metal-organic frameworks, [64][65][66][67] covalent-organic frameworks,…”

Two-dimensional silicene photodynamic tumor-targeting nanomedicine

“…The intrinsic physiochemical properties such as unique photonic response in near infrared (NIR) biowindow endow silicene nanosheets with distinct therapeutic functionality and modality. The main component of silicon in silicene nanosheets guarantees high biocompatibility and fact biodegradation, superior to other 2D biomedical nanosystems such as MoS 2 , black phosphorus, and MnO 2 nanosheets [ 30 ]. Therefore, the miraculous properties and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of silicene inspire our interest to investigate the capability of 1 O 2 generation for further PDT-based biomedical applications, which has not been achieved so far.…”