Two-Dimensional Silicon/Carbon from Commercial Alloy and CO₂ for Lithium Storage and Flexible Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-Based Lithium–Metal Batteries

Abstract

Silicon has been considered as the most promising anode candidate for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, the fast capacity decay caused by huge volume expansion and low electronic conductivity limit the electrochemical performance. Herein, atomic distributed, airstable, layer-by-layer-assembled Si/C (L-Si/C) is designed and in situ constructed from commercial micron-sized layered CaSi 2 alloy with the greenhouse gas CO 2 . The inner structure of Si as well as the content and graphitization of C can be regulated by simply adjusting the reaction conditions. The rationally designed layered structure can enhance electronic conductivity and mitigate volume change without disrupting the carbon layer or destroying the solid electrolyte interface. Moreover, the single-layer Si and C can enhance lithium-ion transport in active materials. With these advantages, L-Si/C anode delivers an 82.85% capacity retention even after 3200 cycles and superior rate performance. The battery-capacitance dual-model mechanism is certified via quantitative kinetics measurement. Besides, the self-standing architecture is designed via assembling L-Si/C and MXene. Lithiophilic L-Si/C can guide homogeneous Li deposition with alleviated volume change. With the MXene/L-Si/C host for lithium−metal batteries, an ultralong life span up to 500 h in a carbonate-based electrolyte is achieved. A full cell with a high-energy 5 V LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathode is constructed to verify the practicality of L-Si/C and MXene/L-Si/C. The rational design of a special layer structure may propose a strategy for other materials and energy storage systems.

Boron-doping-induced defect engineering enables high performance of a graphene cathode for aluminum batteries

“…2e that the slope (Warburg factor) of BG is smaller than that of rGO, implying a larger ion diffusion coefficient for BG. 74,75 The GITT curves for BG and rGO cathodes are shown in Fig. 2f and S7.…”

Adina Rubella‐Like Microsized SiO@N‐Doped Carbon Grafted with N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium Storage

“…The large surface area and narrow mesoporous structure are conducive to the sufficient contact between electrolyte and electrode material and fast electrochemical reaction dynamics during the Li storage process. [28,29]…”

Silicon in Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Assembled Microspheres Cross‐linked with N‐doped Carbon Fibers toward a Binder Free, High Performance, and Flexible Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Until now, the valid route of building silicon‐carbon composites has been demonstrated to be effective, mainly consisting of the introduction of the carbonaceous materials to improve ion/electron conductivity and the establishment of the additional buffer space (such as hollow structure) to adapt to the structural changes of the entire material, so as to ameliorate electrode stability and LIBs battery performance. [ 9–11 ] For example, Yang et al. prepared Si nanodots within carbon framework structure, exhibiting 647 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 over 1500 cycles.…”

“…On that account, seeking an advantageous route to solve nano-Si defects is critical for its practical application. Until now, the valid route of building silicon-carbon composites has been demonstrated to be effective, mainly consisting of the introduction of the carbonaceous materials to improve ion/electron conductivity and the establishment of the additional buffer space (such as hollow structure) to adapt to the structural changes of the entire material, so as to ameliorate electrode stability and LIBs battery performance [9][10][11]. For example, Yang et al…”