To shine light on the mechanisms involved in the doping of the sustainable thermoelectric material SnS with Ag and Se, we present a detailed investigation into Ag-and Se-doped SnS nanoparticles (NPs). SnS NPs, Ag-doped SnS NPs, and Ag-doped SnS 1−x Se x NPs were chemically synthesized and sintered into pellets by hot-press. The structure and thermoelectric, electronic, and thermal transport properties were then investigated using a variety of techniques. As a result, it was found that when Ag-doped SnS NPs were sintered two types of Ag were present in the sintered pellets: one in the form of segregated Ag-rich nanoprecipitates and the other in the form of interlayer intercalated Ag ions. In contrast, when Ag-doped SnS 1−x Se x NPs were sintered, Se was found to form a homogeneous solid solution. The effects of these three impurity-derived structures on the electronic and thermal transport properties were investigated. The final ZT values for SnS doped with 1.5 at% Ag (SnS:Ag) and SnS 0.9 Se 0.1 :Ag, in which SnS:Ag was further doped with Se, were 0.09 at 666 K and 0.14 at 667 K, respectively.