Two-dimensional solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling

Jiang, Xunda; Fan, Z.; Chen, Zhaopin; Pang, Wei; Li, Yongyao; Malomed, Boris A.

doi:10.1103/physreva.93.023633

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The study of 2D SV solitons was extended to a system with long-range anisotropic cubic interactions, mediated by dipole-dipole forces in a bosonic gas composed of atoms carrying magnetic moments [241]. An essentially novel feature found in the nonlocal model is spontaneous shift of the pivot of the vortical component (ψ − ) with respect to its zero-vorticity counterpart (ψ + ).…”

Section: D Semi-vorticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives

Malomed

2019

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

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176

115

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A comparative review is given of some well-known and some recent results obtained in studies of two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) solitons, with emphasis on states carrying embedded vorticity. Physical realizations of multidimensional solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and nonlinear optics are briefly discussed too. Unlike 1D solitons, which are typically stable, 2D and 3D ones are vulnerable to instabilities induced by the occurrence of the critical and supercritical collapse, respectively, in the 2D and 3D models with the cubic self-focusing nonlinearity. Vortex solitons are subject to a still stronger splitting instability. For this reason, a central problem is looking for physical settings in which 2D and 3D solitons may be stabilized. The review addresses in detail two well-established topics, viz., the stabilization of vortex solitons by means of competing nonlinearities, or by trapping potentials (harmonic-oscillator and spatially-periodic ones). The former topic includes a new addition, closely related to the recent breakthrough, viz., the prediction and creation of robust quantum droplets. Two other topics included in the review outline new schemes which were recently elaborated for the creation of stable vortical solitons in BEC. One scheme relies on the use of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in binary condensates with cubic intrinsic attraction, making it possible to predict stable 2D and 3D solitons, which couple or mix components with vorticities S = 0 and ±1 (semi-vortices (SVs) or mixed modes (MMs), respectively). In this system, the situation is drastically different in the 2D and 3D geometries. In 2D, the SOC helps to create a ground state (GS, which does not exist otherwise), represented by stable SV or MM solitons, whose norm falls below the threshold value at which the critical collapse sets in. In the 3D geometry, the supercritical collapse does not allow one to create a GS, but metastable solitons of the SV and MM types can be constructed. Another new scheme makes it possible to create stable 2D vortex-ring solitons with arbitrarily high S in a binary BEC with components coupled by microwave radiation. Some other topics are addressed briefly, such as vortex solitons in dissipative media, and attempts to create vortex solitons in experiments.List of acronyms: 1D -one-dimensional; 2D -two dimensional; 3D -three-dimensional; BEC -Bose-Einstein condensate; CGLE -complex Ginzburg-Landau equation; CQ -cubic-quintic (nonlinearity), FF -fundamental frequency; GPE -Gross-Pitaevskii equation; GS -ground state; GVD -group-velocity dispersion; HO -harmonic oscillator (potential); HV -hidden vorticity; LHY -Lee-Huang-Yang (correction to the mean-field dynamics of BEC); MF -mean field; MM -mixed mode; NLSE -nonlinear Schrödinger equation; OL -optical lattice; PT -parity-time (symmetry); QD -quantum droplet; SH -second harmonic; SOC -spin-orbit coupling; SV -semi-vortex; TF -Thomas-Fermi (approximation); TS -Townes' soliton; VA -variational approximation; VAV -vortex-antivortex (composit...

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Section: D Semi-vorticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives

Malomed

2019

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

Self Cite

176

115

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“…It was predicted too that 2D and 3D solitons can be stabilized in spinor (two-component) BECs with the help of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of the Rashba type [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. There are two types of multidimensional solitons in this system, viz ., semi-vortices (SVs) and mixed modes (MMs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional solitons and quantum droplets supported by competing self- and cross-interactions in spin-orbit-coupled condensates

et al. 2017

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We study two-dimensional (2D) matter-wave solitons in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the spin-orbit coupling and opposite signs of the self-and cross-interactions. Stable 2D twocomponent solitons of the mixed-mode type are found if the cross-interaction between the components is attractive, while the self-interaction is repulsive in each component. Stable solitons of the semi-vortex type are formed in the opposite case, under the action of competing self-attraction and cross-repulsion. The solitons exist with the total norm taking values below a collapse threshold. Further, in the case of the repulsive self-interaction and inter-component attraction, stable 2D selftrapped modes, which may be considered as quantum droplets (QDs), are created if the beyondmean-field Lee-Huang-Yang terms are added to the self-repulsion in the underlying system of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Stable QDs of the mixed-mode type, of a large size with an anisotropic density profile, exist with arbitrarily large values of the norm, as the Lee-Huang-Yang terms eliminate the collapse. The effect of the spin-orbit coupling term on characteristics of the QDs is systematically studied. We also address the existence and stability of QDs in the case of SOC with mixed Rashba and Dresselhaus terms, which makes the density profile of the QD more isotropic. Thus, QDs in the spin-orbit-coupled binary Bose-Einstein condensate are for the first time studied in the present work.

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“…Very recently, the study of 2D SV solitons was extended to a system with long-range anisotropic cubic interactions, mediated by dipole-dipole forces in a bosonic gas composed of atoms carrying magnetic moments [54]. An essentially novel feature found in the nonlocal model is a new parameter of the family of SV solitons, viz., a spontaneous shift of the pivot of the vortical component (ψ − ) with respect to its zero-vorticity counterpart (ψ + ).…”

Section: D Semi-vortices (At ω = 0)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional solitons: Well-established results and novel findings

Malomed

2016

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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125

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A brief review is given of some well-known and some very recent results obtained in studies of two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) solitons. Both zero-vorticity (fundamental) solitons and ones carrying vorticity S = 1 are considered. Physical realizations of multidimensional solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and nonlinear optics are briefly discussed too. Unlike 1D solitons, which are typically stable, 2D and 3D ones are vulnerable to the instability induced by the occurrence of the critical and supercritical collapse, respectively, in the same 2D and 3D models that give rise to the solitons. Vortex solitons are subject to a still stronger splitting instability. For this reason, a central problem is looking for physical settings in which 2D and 3D solitons may be stabilized. The review addresses one well-established topic, viz., the stabilization of the 3D and 2D states, with S = 0 and 1, trapped in harmonic-oscillator (HO) potentials, and another topic which was developed very recently: the stabilization of 2D and 3D free-space solitons, which mix components with S = 0 and ±1 (semi-vortices and mixed modes), in a binary system with the spinorbit coupling (SOC) between its components. In both cases, the generic situations are drastically different in the 2D and 3D geometries. In the former case, the stabilization mechanism creates a stable ground state (GS, which was absent without it), whose norm falls below the threshold value at which the critical collapse sets in. In the 3D geometry, the supercritical collapse does not allow to create a GS, but metastable solitons can be constructed.

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Two-dimensional solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling

Cited by 82 publications

References 96 publications

(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives

(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives

Two-dimensional solitons and quantum droplets supported by competing self- and cross-interactions in spin-orbit-coupled condensates

Multidimensional solitons: Well-established results and novel findings

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