Two extreme types of mixing of dust with urban aerosols observed in Kosa particles: ‘After’ mixing and ‘on-the-way’ mixing

Suzuki, Issei; Igarashi, Yasuhito; Dokiya, Yukiko; Akagi, Tetsuya

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.11.030

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Weak dust layers occur in the FT over Japan during periods with no evident dust outbreaks or even in seasons other than spring (e.g., Iwasaka et al 1983). Asian dust events have been observed at FWS (Suzuki et al 2008(Suzuki et al , 2010, MLO (Bodhaine 1995;Clarke and Charlson 1985;Darzi and Winchester 1982;Holmes and Zoller 1996;Hyslop et al 2013;Parrington et al 1983;Parrington and Zoller 1984;Perry et al 1999;VanCuren and Cahill 2002;Zieman et al 1995), LAV (Jaffe et al 2003b;VanCuren 2003;VanCuren and Cahill 2002;VanCuren et al 2005), and WHI (Leaitch et al 2009;McKendry et al 2008). A distinct seasonal cycle with a spring maximum of Ca 2+ concentration can be seen at HPO (~0.25 μg m −3 ; Fig.…”

Section: Dust and Volcanic Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

Okamoto

Tanimoto

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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Located far from anthropogenic emission sources, high-altitude mountain stations are considered to be ideal sites for monitoring climatic and environmentally important baseline changes in free tropospheric trace gases and aerosols. In addition, the observations taken at these stations are often used to study the long-range transport of dust as well as anthropogenic and biomass burning pollutants from source regions and to evaluate the performance of global and regional models. In this paper, we summarize the results from past and ongoing field measurements of atmospheric constituents at high-altitude stations across the globe, with particular emphasis on reactive trace species including tropospheric ozone, along with its precursors such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, total reactive nitrogen, and nonmethane hydrocarbons. Over the past decades, our understanding of the temporal variability and meteorological mechanisms of long-range transport has advanced in tandem with progress in instrumentation and modeling. Finally, the future needs of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites are addressed.

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Section: Dust and Volcanic Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

Okamoto

Tanimoto

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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“…Falkovich et al 2001;Sobanska et al 2003;Putaud et al 2004;Koçak et al 2007;Coz et al 2009) and over the Atlantic Ocean (Kandler et al 2007;Dall'Osto et al 2010) in polluted European and North African air masses. The sulphate/nitrate coating is the result of different heterogeneous chemical processes, such as the uptake of gaseous SO 2 or HNO 3 (and/or NOx) onto the particle surface and their subsequent conversion to SO 4 2À and NO 3 À (Dentener et al 1996;Kim and Park 2001;Usher et al 2002) and collision/coalescence between dust and aerosol ammonium sulphate or nitrate (Mori et al 1998;Suzuki et al 2010). The heterogeneous processes responsible for sulphate mixing with dust may be season-dependent with predominance of coagulation process in summer and SO 2 uptake in spring (Suzuki et al 2010).…”

Section: Internal Mixing Dust/inorganic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heterogeneous processes responsible for sulphate mixing with dust may be season-dependent with predominance of coagulation process in summer and SO 2 uptake in spring (Suzuki et al 2010). Recent observations of strong internal mixing of dust with nitrate or sulphate in mesoscale convective clouds during the AMMA campaign (Crumeyrolle et al 2008;Matsuki et al 2010a) suggest in-cloud processing involving aqueous phase oxidation of NOx/SO 2 , as previously assumed by Levin and Ganor (1996) and Liu et al (2005 (Krueger et al 2004) and then observed in recent field studies (Laskin et al 2005;Matsuki et al 2005Matsuki et al , 2010bShi et al 2008;Huang et al 2010;Suzuki et al 2010). …”

Section: Internal Mixing Dust/inorganic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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“…In the microscopy techniques, statistically, a limited number of particles were typically examined, and detection of nitrogen element that can be used as direct evidence for the formation of nitrate salts in dust particles was limited. In filter-based techniques, after sampling particles for 12-24 h, their bulk chemical composition after a series of sample extraction procedures can be determined by various offline analytical instruments, such as ion chromatography (IC)/liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), and inductively coupled plasmamass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) Suzuki et al 2010;Zhang et al 2010). However, it should also be noted that it is difficult to accurately reconstruct chemical constituents and the mixing state of single dust particles by only measuring their bulk chemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Aging of Asian Dust Particles During Long Range Transport

Kim

Park

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Variations of mixing state and chemical constituents of Asian dust (AD) particles having different transport pathways were investigated by measuring hygroscopicity and volatility of size-selected (1 µm) dust particles, and their morphology and elemental composition in Gwangju, Korea. Also, hygroscopicity and volatility of possible candidate chemical species that can be included in the dust particles was measured in a laboratory for comparison with field data. A significant amount of dust particles were found to be aged by internally mixing with hygroscopic and volatile species in different ways, depending on their transport pathway. Formation of hygroscopic CaCl 2 and/or cloud processing of dust particles with sea-salt species were proposed as being central to the formation of hygroscopic species in the "less polluted AD" (in which the air mass arrived at sampling site without passing over significant industrial areas), and the existence of hygroscopic species in the "highly polluted AD" (in which the air mass passed over major industrial areas) was explained by the interaction of dust particles with anthropogenic pollutants (i.e., Ca(NO 3 ) 2 formation by heterogeneous reaction of HNO 3 with dust particles and condensation of hygroscopic H 2 SO 4 or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 onto the dust particles). Volatile carbonaceous species, which would exist on the surface of the dust particles, were also observed and their fraction significantly increased in the highly polluted AD due to a higher possibility to encounter air masses containing a significant amount of carbonaceous species. Morphological and elemental data identified three types of aged dust particles (reacted dust, cloud-processed dust, and aggregated dust). The production of various aged dust particles depending on their transport pathways has important implications on their different effects on cloud formation, radiation balance, and human health from original dust particles.

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Two extreme types of mixing of dust with urban aerosols observed in Kosa particles: ‘After’ mixing and ‘on-the-way’ mixing

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Atmospheric Aging of Asian Dust Particles During Long Range Transport

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