Two‐frequency Lidar technique for mesospheric Na temperature measurements

She, C. Y.; Latifi, Hamid; Yu, Jirong; Alvarez, R. J.; Bills, Richard E.; Gardner, Chester S.

doi:10.1029/gl017i007p00929

Cited by 110 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Since its development in the 1970s, the Na resonance lidar technique has enabled the Na layer to be observed with excellent spatial and temporal resolution [Clemesha et al, 1981;von Zahn et al, 1988;She et al, 1990]. This has provided a tool for observing the dynamics and chemistry of this remote region of the atmosphere on a scale that otherwise can only be obtained through rocketborne in situ measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of global mesospheric sodium densities from the Odin satellite

Gumbel¹,

Fan²,

Waldemarsson³

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Satellite observations of the Na D dayglow at 589 nm provide a global database for the climatology of the mesospheric sodium layer. More than five years of Na D limb observations are available from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System onboard the Odin satellite. We describe a robust retrieval method that provides individual sodium density profiles with a typical accuracy of 20% and altitude resolution of 2 km. Retrieved column abundances and density profiles are validated against sodium resonance lidar measurements at mid-latitudes. Examples of the seasonal and latitudinal variation of the sodium layer illustrate Odin's potential for climatological studies of mesospheric metals. Citation:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of global mesospheric sodium densities from the Odin satellite

Gumbel¹,

Fan²,

Waldemarsson³

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Schmidlin [1976] was the first to report the MIL as an oftenobserved integral part of the MLT thermal structure. Further explorations with a variety of remote sensing and in situ techniques, including the Rayleigh lidar [Hauchecorne et al, 1987;Jenkins et al, 1987], Na temperature lidar [She et al, 1990; contrast, is readily seen in individual profiles for data integrated [Andrews et al, 1987 [Walterscheid, 1981a;Weinstock, 1983; Gardner and Yang, concerning more general aspects of middle atmosphere dynamics 1998]. Many of these processes produce thermal perturbations [Holton et al, 1995;Hocking, 1996;Hamilton, 1996; most pronounced near 90 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the mesosphere inversion layer phenomenon

Meriwether¹,

Gardner²

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

109

110

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Abstract. An active topic of current research in aeronomy is the study of the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) from 60 to 130 km, especially in regard to the influences that govern variability. The physical processes of this region are diverse and complex with strong coupling between the MLT and the adjacent atmospheric regions brought about largely by the propagation and dissipation of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) from sources above and below. The measurements of MLT winds and temperatures required for such studies represent daunting technical challenges. At low and midlatitudes the mesosphere inversion layer (MIL) phenomenon, a -• 10 km wide region of enhanced temperatures (AT-• 15-50K), is observed with great regularity in both the upper mesosphere (60-70 km) and the mesopause (90-100 km). Observations are largely based upon Rayleigh and Na temperature lidar systems but coherent radar observations have shown that the MIL phenomenon is linked to layers of turbulence occurring in both the topside and the bottomside regions. GW activity is believed to play an important role in the development of a linkage between the MIL and the tidal structure through GW coupling that results in an amplification of the tidal thermal structure. This linkage is readily evident for the upper MIL but is seen only occasionally for the lower MIL. Further study of MIL properties should emphasize continual 24 hour temperature observations, especially for the lower MIL region, to confirm the linkage of the development of the MIL to the MLT tidal structure.

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“…A variant of this type of instrument, termed two-frequency narrowband sodium lidar,. was developed and the first lidar temperature profile in a midlatitude mesopause region was measured in August, 1989 [She et al, 1990]. Along with 4 and 5 nights of initial observations, respectively, in springs of 1990 and 1991, quality regular temperature measurements, i.e., on average four to five nights a month with 4 hours or more observation each night, were made over Fort Collins, CO (41øN, 105øW) starting May 29, 1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%