Two global data sets of daily fire emission injection heights since 2003

Rémy, Samuel; Veira, Andreas; Paugam, Ronan; Sofiev, M.; Kaiser, J. W.; Marenco, Franco; Burton, S. P.; Benedetti, Angela; Engelen, Richard; Ferrare, R. A.; Hair, J. W.

doi:10.5194/acp-17-2921-2017

Cited by 94 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…The CrIS instrument is flown on-board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite with an overpass of ∼ 01:30 and 13:30 LST and a pixel spatial resolution of 14 km circles at nadir. The CrIS Fast Physical Retrieval (CFPR) uses an optimal estimation method (Rodgers, 2000) to produce vertical profiles of NH 3 and associated error estimates and vertical sensitivity (averaging kernels) (Shephard and Cady-Pereira, 2015). CFPR NH 3 retrievals achieve valid single-pixel retrievals down to the 0.2 to 0.3 ppbv range (Kharol et al, 2017).…”

Section: Cris Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite-derived emissions of carbon monoxide, ammonia, and nitrogen dioxide from the 2016 Horse River wildfire in the Fort McMurray area

et al. 2019

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In May 2016, the Horse River wildfire led to the evacuation of ∼ 88 000 people from Fort McMurray and surrounding areas and consumed ∼ 590 000 ha of land in Northern Alberta and Saskatchewan. Within the plume, satellite instruments measured elevated values of CO, NH 3 , and NO 2 . CO was measured by two Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometers (IASI-A and IASI-B), NH 3 by IASI-A, IASI-B, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), and NO 2 by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Daily emission rates were calculated from the satellite measurements using fire hotspot information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and wind information from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis, combined with assumptions on lifetimes and the altitude range of the plume. Sensitivity tests were performed and it was found that uncertainties of emission estimates are more sensitive to the plume shape for CO and to the lifetime for NH 3 and NO x . The satellite-derived emission rates were ∼ 50-300 kt d −1 for CO, ∼ 1-7 kt d −1 for NH 3 , and ∼ 0.5-2 kt d −1 for NO x (expressed as NO) during the most active fire periods. The daily satellite-derived emission estimates were found to correlate fairly well (R ∼ 0.4-0.7) with daily output from the ECMWF Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) and the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) FireWork models, with agreement within a factor of 2 for most comparisons. Emission ratios of NH 3 /CO, NO x /CO, and NO x /NH 3 were calculated and compared against enhancement ratios of surface concentrations measured at permanent surface air monitoring stations and by the Alberta Environment and Parks Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory (MAML). For NH 3 /CO, the satellite emission ratios of ∼ 0.02 are within a factor of 2 of the model emission ratios and surface enhancement ratios. For NO x /CO satellite-measured emission ratios of ∼ 0.01 are lower than the modelled emission ratios of 0.033 for GFAS and 0.014 for FireWork, but are larger than the surface enhancement ratios of ∼ 0.003, which may have been affected by the short lifetime of NO x . Total emissions from the Horse River fire for May 2016 were calculated and compared against total annual anthropogenic emissions for the province of Alberta in 2016 from the ECCC Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory (APEI). Satellite-measured emissions of CO are ∼ 1500 kt for the Horse River fire and exceed the total annual Alberta anthropogenic CO emissions of 992.6 kt for 2016. The satellite-measured emissions during the Horse River fire of ∼ 30 kt of NH 3 and ∼ 7 kt of NO x (expressed as NO) are approximately 20 % and 1 % of the magnitude of total annual Alberta anthropogenic emissions, respectively.

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Section: Cris Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number and size of wildfires in North America have been increasing over the past few decades due to various factors, such as drought conditions, changes in land use, and fire management practices (Romero-Lankao et al, 2014). In Canada the number of wildfires and total burned area increased between 1961 and 2015 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-derived emissions of carbon monoxide, ammonia, and nitrogen dioxide from the 2016 Horse River wildfire in the Fort McMurray area

et al. 2019

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“…It is based on the plume rise model (PRM) injection heights from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) (Rémy et al, 2017;Paugam et al, 2015). These fire-observation-based plume heights are used as a variable FL height to simulate the emission impact of fire emissions provided by the GFAS (Kaiser et al, 2012).…”

Section: Cases Of Interaction Dominating Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We explicitly use the corresponding fire-observation-based altitude of plume top (Rémy et al, 2017) to derive a dynamical FL height that accounts for pyroconvection in the fire spots. The CO source contributions are calculated for this dynamical FL height and a constant FL height of 300 m. Additionally, the CO contributions for the 100 m FL height and the PBL height are considered for an extended comparison.…”

Section: Simulation Of Co Source Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assumptions about footprint layer heights influence the quantification of emission sources: a case study for Cyprus

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs) in backward mode are widely used to quantify the impact of transboundary pollution on downwind sites. Most LPDM applications count particles with a technique that introduces a so-called footprint layer (FL) with constant height, in which passing air tracer particles are assumed to be affected by surface emissions. The mixing layer dynamics are represented by the underlying meteorological model. This particle counting technique implicitly assumes that the atmosphere is well mixed in the FL. We have performed backward trajectory simulations with the FLEXPART model starting at Cyprus to calculate the sensitivity to emissions of upwind pollution sources. The emission sensitivity is used to quantify source contributions at the receptor and support the interpretation of ground measurements carried out during the CYPHEX campaign in July 2014. Here we analyse the effects of different constant and dynamic FL height assumptions. The results show that calculations with FL heights of 100 and 300 m yield similar but still discernible results. Comparison of calculations with FL heights constant at 300 m and dynamically following the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height exhibits systematic differences, with daytime and night-time sensitivity differences compensating for each other. The differences at daytime when a well-mixed PBL can be assumed indicate that residual inaccuracies in the representation of the mixing layer dynamics in the trajectories may introduce errors in the impact assessment on downwind sites. Emissions from vegetation fires are mixed up by pyrogenic convection which is not represented in FLEXPART. Neglecting this convection may lead to severe over-or underestimations of the downwind smoke concentrations. Introducing an extreme fire source from a different year in our study period and using fire-observation-based plume heights as reference, we find an overestimation of more than 60 % by the constant FL height assumptions used for surface emissions. Assuming a FL that follows the PBL may reproduce the peak of the smoke plume passing through but erroneously elevates the background for shallow stable PBL heights. It might thus be a reasonable assumption for open biomass burning emissions wherever observation-based injection heights are not available.

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Characterization of Wildfire‐Induced Aerosol Emissions From the Maritime Continent Peatland and Central African Dry Savannah with MISR and CALIPSO Aerosol Products

et al. 2018

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Aerosol plumes from wildfires affect the Earth's climate system through regulation of the radiative budget and clouds. However, optical properties of aerosols from individual wildfire smoke plumes and their resultant impact on regional climate are highly variable. Therefore, there is a critical need for observations that can constrain the partitioning between different types of aerosols. Here we present the apparent influence of regional ecosystem types on optical properties of wildfire‐induced aerosols based on remote sensing observations from two satellite instruments and three ground stations. The independent observations commonly show that the ratio of the absorbing aerosols is significantly lower in smoke plumes from the Maritime Continent than those from Central Africa, so that their impacts on regional climate are different. The observed light‐absorbing properties of wildfire‐induced aerosols are explained by dominant ecosystem types such as wet peatlands for the Maritime Continent and dry savannah for Central Africa, respectively. These results suggest that the wildfire‐aerosol‐climate feedback processes largely depend on the terrestrial environments from which the fires originate. These feedbacks also interact with climate under greenhouse warming. Our analysis shows that aerosol optical properties retrieved based on satellite observations are critical in assessing wildfire‐induced aerosols forcing in climate models. The optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol mixtures used by state‐of‐the‐art chemistry climate models may overestimate emissions for absorbing aerosols from wildfires over the Maritime Continent.

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Two global data sets of daily fire emission injection heights since 2003

Cited by 94 publications

References 65 publications

Satellite-derived emissions of carbon monoxide, ammonia, and nitrogen dioxide from the 2016 Horse River wildfire in the Fort McMurray area

Satellite-derived emissions of carbon monoxide, ammonia, and nitrogen dioxide from the 2016 Horse River wildfire in the Fort McMurray area

Assumptions about footprint layer heights influence the quantification of emission sources: a case study for Cyprus

Characterization of Wildfire‐Induced Aerosol Emissions From the Maritime Continent Peatland and Central African Dry Savannah with MISR and CALIPSO Aerosol Products

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