Two Guidelines for Bootstrap Hypothesis Testing

Hall, Peter; Wilson, Susan R.

doi:10.2307/2532163

Cited by 410 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is possible to estimate standard errors for the prevalence ratio and with these standard errors approximate a P value using the methods of Hall and Wilson. 46 However, at eight in each strata, the small number of clusters is generally not sufficient to guarantee the assumptions of this procedure. 45 Ethics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years of Age Residing in Peri-urban Communities in Cochabamba, Bolivia

George¹,

Perin²,

Calani³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This study examined the relationship between childhood diarrhea prevalence and caregiver knowledge of the causes and prevention of diarrhea in a prospective cohort of 952 children 5 years of age in Cochabamba, Bolivia. The survey of caregiver knowledge found that more than 80% of caregivers were unaware that hand washing with soap could prevent childhood diarrhea. Furthermore, when asked how to keep food safe for children to eat only 17% of caregivers reported hand washing before cooking and feeding a child. Lack of caregiver awareness of the importance of practices related to hygiene and sanitation for diarrhea prevention were significant risk factors for diarrheal disease in this cohort. The knowledge findings from this study suggest that health promotion in these communities should put further emphasis on increasing knowledge of how water treatment, hand washing with soap, proper disposal of child feces, and food preparation relate to childhood diarrhea prevention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years of Age Residing in Peri-urban Communities in Cochabamba, Bolivia

George¹,

Perin²,

Calani³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…To statistically evaluate the effects of age and CR on gene expression levels, we conducted a multistep evaluation procedure. In the first step, we used nonparametric bootstrap hypothesis testing (26) to obtain a frequentist P value for each gene. Part of our reason for having five animals per group is that n ϭ 5 in a two-group comparison offers a sufficient number (Ͼ15,000) of unique bootstrap resamples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiles associated with aging and middle age-onset caloric restriction in mouse hearts

Lee

Allison

Brand

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

289

218

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To provide a global analysis of gene expression in the aging heart, we monitored the expression of 9,977 genes simultaneously in 5-and 30-month-old male B6C3F1 mice by using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays and several statistical techniques. Aging was associated with transcriptional alterations consistent with a metabolic shift from fatty acid to carbohydrate metabolism, increased expression of extracellular matrix genes, and reduced protein synthesis. Caloric restriction (CR) started at 14 months of age resulted in a 19% global inhibition of age-related changes in gene expression. Interestingly, CR also resulted in alterations in gene expression consistent with preserved fatty acid metabolism, reduced endogenous DNA damage, decreased innate immune activity, apoptosis modulation, and a marked cytoskeletal reorganization. These observations provide evidence that aging of the heart is associated with specific transcriptional alterations, and that CR initiated in middle age may retard heart aging by inducing a profound transcriptional reprogramming.W hen started either early in life or at middle age, caloric restriction (CR) increases average and maximum lifespan, and reduces the incidence and delays the onset of spontaneous cancers and several other age-related diseases (1). Additionally, CR reduces the age-associated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced molecular damage (2-5). Previously, we have used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to define aging and CR-related transcriptional alterations in mouse skeletal muscle (6) and brain (7). These reports provided evidence for an age-associated stress response characterized by the induction of heat-shock factors and other oxidative stress-induced transcripts. CR prevented these age-related alterations completely or partially. Both studies provided further support for the concept that oxidative stress may be an important, and perhaps underlying cause of the aging process of postmitotic tissues.The cardiac myocyte is the most energy demanding cell in the body, contracting constantly, 3 billion times or more in the average human lifespan (8), requiring large supplies of high-energy phosphates (9). Age-related changes in human and rodent hearts include a reduction in the number of myocytes (10, 11), myocyte hypertrophy (11, 12), cardiac fibrosis (13), lipofuscin pigment accumulation (14), a reduction in calcium transport across sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane (15), and alterations in the response to ␤-adrenergic stimulation (16). Collectively, these alterations likely contribute to age-related heart diseases being the leading cause of mortality in the U.S. (17). CR reduces the severity of spontaneous cardiomyopathy in male Sprague-Dawley rats (18) and prevents age-associated alterations in late diastolic function in B6D2F 1 mice (19). At the molecular level, CR reduces the concentration of both 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA (20) and dityrosine cross-linking of proteins (21) in the heart of aging mice, and prevents somatic mitochondrial genomic rear...

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“…This is important for ensuring that the bootstrap test of the hypothesis (1) has reasonable power against departures from symmetry (cf. Hall and Wilson (1991); Lehmann and Romano (2005, Section 15.6)). …”

Section: Sieve Bootstrap Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Bootstrap to Test for Symmetry Under Unknown Dependence

Psaradakis

2016

Journal of Business & Economic Statistics

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This paper considers tests for symmetry of the one-dimensional marginal distribution of fractionally integrated processes. The tests are implemented by using an autoregressive sieve bootstrap approximation to the null sampling distribution of the relevant test statistics. The sieve bootstrap allows inference on symmetry to be carried out without knowledge of either the memory parameter of the data or of the appropriate norming factor for the test statistic and its asymptotic distribution. The small-sample properties of the proposed method are examined by means of Monte Carlo experiments, and applications to real-world data are also presented.

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Two Guidelines for Bootstrap Hypothesis Testing

Cited by 410 publications

References 14 publications

Risk Factors for Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years of Age Residing in Peri-urban Communities in Cochabamba, Bolivia

Risk Factors for Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years of Age Residing in Peri-urban Communities in Cochabamba, Bolivia

Transcriptional profiles associated with aging and middle age-onset caloric restriction in mouse hearts

Using the Bootstrap to Test for Symmetry Under Unknown Dependence

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