Two-handed direct manipulation on the responsive workbench

Abstract

We have built a system that allows users to naturally manipulate virtual 3D models with both hands on the Responsive Workbench, a tabletop VR device. Our design is largely based upon Guiard's observations of how humans distribute work between the two hands in the real world. We show how to apply these principles for the workbench environment and describe many issues encountered during the design. We first develop a framework for two-handed interaction and then explore a variety of two-handed 3D tools and interactive techniques. Related issues include how constraints are implemented and controlled by the two hands and how transitions between one-handedand two-handed tasks occur seemlessly. Informal observations of the system in practice show that users can perform navigation and manipulation tasks easily and with little training using the two-handed environment. One of our interesting findings was that users often performed two-handed manipulations by combining two otherwise independent one-handed tools in a synergistic fashion. In these cases, we did not program two-handed behaviors explicitly into the system; instead they emerged naturally.

Analyse de techniques de coopération en environnements virtuels 3D

“…Enfin, outre l'affichage d'un symbole représentant les degrés de liberté d'un objet, il est également possible de donner ces informations implicitement par l'affichage de l'outil strictement réservé à une translation ou à une rotation (Cutler et al, 1997) dès que l'une ou l'autre de ces opérations devient accessible.…”

Multimodale Interaktion in der Virtuellen Realität

“…Im Hinblick auf manipulative Gestik wurde die Interaktion mit virtuellen Objekten zunächst oft nur auf Umwegen, über "Space Menus", 3D-Widgets oder sequentielle Spracheingabe erzielt (Weimer & Ganapathy 1989;Hauptmann & McAvinney 1993). Es wurden auch erste VR-Systeme für zweihändige Manipulation entwickelt (Mapes & Moshell 1995;Shaw & Green 1994;Mine et al 1997;Cutler et al 1997). …”

Interaction Volume Management in a Multi-scale Virtual Environment

“…We are particularly interested in stereoscopic displays that are stationary but head-tracked such as CAVE's [5], virtual workbenches [9,26] or desktop VR [7,43]. We refer to these as stereoscopic HTD's (head-tracked displays) and distinguish them from HMD's [36].…”