Two <i>Hoxc6</i> transcripts are differentially expressed and regulate primary neurogenesis in <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Bardine, Nabila; Donow, Cornelia; Korte, Brigitte; Durston, Antony J.; Knöchel, Walter; Wacker, Stefan

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21889

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In vitro fertilization, embryo culture, mRNA and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO, Gene-Tools Inc.) and protein injections were used as previously described [41] . In situ hybridization analyses were carried out as formerly reported [41] . The wrap assay was as described previously [41] .…”

Section: Methods Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical Signalling Involves Transmission of Hox Information from Gastrula Mesoderm to Neurectoderm

et al. 2014

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Development and patterning of neural tissue in the vertebrate embryo involves a set of molecules and processes whose relationships are not fully understood. Classical embryology revealed a remarkable phenomenon known as vertical signalling, a gastrulation stage mechanism that copies anterior-posterior positional information from mesoderm to prospective neural tissue. Vertical signalling mediates unambiguous copying of complex information from one tissue layer to another. In this study, we report an investigation of this process in recombinates of mesoderm and ectoderm from gastrulae of Xenopus laevis. Our results show that copying of positional information involves non cell autonomous autoregulation of particular Hox genes whose expression is copied from mesoderm to neurectoderm in the gastrula. Furthermore, this information sharing mechanism involves unconventional translocation of the homeoproteins themselves. This conserved primitive mechanism has been known for three decades but has only recently been put into any developmental context. It provides a simple, robust way to pattern the neurectoderm using the Hox pattern already present in the mesoderm during gastrulation. We suggest that this mechanism was selected during evolution to enable unambiguous copying of rather complex information from cell to cell and that it is a key part of the original ancestral mechanism mediating axial patterning by the highly conserved Hox genes.

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Section: Methods Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situ hybridization analyses were carried out as formerly reported [41] . The wrap assay was as described previously [41] . Microsurgery was carried out using hair knives.…”

Section: Methods Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Signalling Involves Transmission of Hox Information from Gastrula Mesoderm to Neurectoderm

et al. 2014

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“…The Hox genes also regulate intrasegmental MN specification and their target muscle connectivity [51]. In the frog, the Hoxc6 gene has also been shown to affect primary neurogenesis [54]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somato-dendritic morphology and dendritic signal transfer properties differentiate between fore- and hindlimb innervating motoneurons in the frog Rana esculenta

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe location specific motor pattern generation properties of the spinal cord along its rostro-caudal axis have been demonstrated. However, it is still unclear that these differences are due to the different spinal interneuronal networks underlying locomotions or there are also segmental differences in motoneurons innervating different limbs. Frogs use their fore- and hindlimbs differently during jumping and swimming. Therefore we hypothesized that limb innervating motoneurons, located in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord, are different in their morphology and dendritic signal transfer properties. The test of this hypothesis what we report here.ResultsDiscriminant analysis classified segmental origin of the intracellularly labeled and three-dimensionally reconstructed motoneurons 100% correctly based on twelve morphological variables. Somata of lumbar motoneurons were rounder; the dendrites had bigger total length, more branches with higher branching orders and different spatial distributions of branch points. The ventro-medial extent of cervical dendrites was bigger than in lumbar motoneurons. Computational models of the motoneurons showed that dendritic signal transfer properties were also different in the two groups of motoneurons. Whether log attenuations were higher or lower in cervical than in lumbar motoneurons depended on the proximity of dendritic input to the soma. To investigate dendritic voltage and current transfer properties imposed by dendritic architecture rather than by neuronal size we used standardized distributions of transfer variables. We introduced a novel combination of cluster analysis and homogeneity indexes to quantify segmental segregation tendencies of motoneurons based on their dendritic transfer properties. A segregation tendency of cervical and lumbar motoneurons was detected by the rates of steady-state and transient voltage-amplitude transfers from dendrites to soma at all levels of synaptic background activities, modeled by varying the specific dendritic membrane resistance. On the other hand no segregation was observed by the steady-state current transfer except under high background activity.ConclusionsWe found size-dependent and size-independent differences in morphology and electrical structure of the limb moving motoneurons based on their spinal segmental location in frogs. Location specificity of locomotor networks is therefore partly due to segmental differences in motoneurons driving fore-, and hindlimbs.

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“…In Situ Hybridization : For ISH analysis, the msxB probe was used. The antisense RNA probes labeled with digoxigenin (DIG) were synthesized according to Bardine and co‐workers . After rehydration, the tails were treated with proteinase K (0.5 μg mL −1 in PBS‐Tween) for 8 min at room temperature, followed by enzyme inactivation with a solution of TEA 0.1 m and acetic anhydride 0.5 μL mL −1 in PBS‐T for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidosomes as Single Implantable Beads for the In Vivo Delivery of Hydrophobic Drugs

Porta¹,

Kros²

2013

Part & Part Syst Charact

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The synthesis of silica‐based colloidosomes with a polymer core obtained via inverse Pickering emulsification and their use as an implantable drug delivery system in zebrafish are described. Silica nanoparticles act as a stabilizer of a water‐in‐oil emulsion creating aqueous droplets with a silica shell. The core of the colloidosomes is polymerized resulting in tough particles. Colloidosomes loaded with model drugs show a release profile dependent on the porosity of the silica nanoparticles. Studying the effect of drugs on zebrafish development and tail regeneration is a new and emerging field in biomedical research. The in vivo delivery and bioactivity of retinoic acid from single implanted colloidosomes in partially amputated caudal fins are shown at the phenotype and genotype level. The colloidosomes are biocompatible since no signs of inflammation are observed. With these initial studies, the use of colloidosomes as single implantable beads is demonstrated for the local in vivo release of bioactive drugs. It is envisioned that these single particles can be applied for a broad range of hydrophobic drugs.

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Two Hoxc6 transcripts are differentially expressed and regulate primary neurogenesis in Xenopus laevis

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Vertical Signalling Involves Transmission of Hox Information from Gastrula Mesoderm to Neurectoderm

Vertical Signalling Involves Transmission of Hox Information from Gastrula Mesoderm to Neurectoderm

Somato-dendritic morphology and dendritic signal transfer properties differentiate between fore- and hindlimb innervating motoneurons in the frog Rana esculenta

Colloidosomes as Single Implantable Beads for the In Vivo Delivery of Hydrophobic Drugs

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