Two Mass-Spectrometric Techniques for Quantifying Serine Enantiomers and Glycine in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Potential Confounders and Age-Dependent Ranges

Fuchs, Sabine A.; Velden, Monique G.M. de Sain–van der; Barse, Martina M.J. de; Roeleveld, Martin W.; Hendriks, Margriet W. B.; Dorland, L.; Klomp, Leo W. J.; Berger, Ruud; Koning, Tom J. de

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.100412

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The residue was dried and prepared to form methyl ester-pentafluoropropyl ether/amide derivatives for analysis according to the method of Fuchs et al (23). The dried samples were first treated with acetyl chloride-methanol (1:4 [vol/vol[; 100 l; 70°C for 45 min) and dried.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serine Lipids of Porphyromonas gingivalis Are Human and Mouse Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands

et al. 2013

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eThe total cellular lipids of Porphyromas gingivalis, a known periodontal pathogen, were previously shown to promote dendritic cell activation and inhibition of osteoblasts through engagement of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The purpose of the present investigation was to fractionate all lipids of P. gingivalis and define which lipid classes account for the TLR2 engagement, based on both in vitro human cell assays and in vivo studies in mice. Specific serine-containing lipids of P. gingivalis, called lipid 654 and lipid 430, were identified in specific high-performance liquid chromatography fractions as the TLR2-activating lipids. The structures of these lipids were defined using tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. T oll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a diverse family of molecules that play a critical role in activating the innate immune system in response to pathogens (1, 2). Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes diverse molecular structures of microbial cell wall origin, including lipoteichoic acid, lipoproteins, peptidoglycan from Gram-positive bacteria, lipoarabinomannan from mycobacteria, and zymosan from yeast cell walls. TLR2 is reported to be activated by many other microbial products, including phenol-soluble modulins (3) and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipoprotein (4), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5-7), and fimbriae (8-10). However, two recent reports have questioned the extent to which lipoprotein, LPS, or fimbriae mediate TLR2 engagement by P. gingivalis (11,12).We previously reported that the total lipid extract of P. gingivalis promotes activation of mouse dendritic cells and inhibits osteoblast-mediated bone deposition through engagement of TLR2 (13,14). These effects were attributed to the dominant phosphorylated dihydroceramide lipids of P. gingivalis, in particular, phosphoethanolamine dihydroceramides. These studies reported engagement of TLR2 only in vitro in mouse cells. Recent reports have demonstrated TLR2-dependent periodontal bone loss in mice following oral infection with P. gingivalis (15,16). Most recently, cell adhesion mediated through the expression of fimbriae by P. gingivalis has been implicated in promoting of TLR2-dependent oral bone loss (17). In contrast, two recent reports indicated that the capacity of fimbriae to engage TLR2 is dependent on the presence of a contaminating factor that is susceptible to hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (11,18).In addition to effects on mouse cells, the phosphorylated dihydroceramide lipids of P. gingivalis have been shown to promote proinflammatory responses in human fibroblasts and to cause disruption of human fibroblast adherence/vitality in culture (19). However, it is not clear whether these effects require engagement of TLR2. Since the total lipid extract of P. gingivalis has been shown to activate TLR2 in mice and in mouse cells, the primary purpose of this investigation was to further identify and characterize the specific lipid classes of P. gingivalis that are responsible for engagement of TLR2 and, specifica...

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confidence: 99%

Serine Lipids of Porphyromonas gingivalis Are Human and Mouse Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands

et al. 2013

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“…excellent 2 s temporal response for D-amino acids and will likely be useful for investigating rapid events relating to D-ser dynamics in brain. Several recent HPLC studies have reported powerful tandem MS detection after precolumn derivatization of D-amino acids in biological samples [33,61,64]. D-ser, D-asp, and D-glu levels have been studied in rat and Aplysia CNS by these approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantification was carried out by MS/MS in SRM mode with a reported 0.095 lM LOD. The approach was recently adapted to triple quadrupole by Fuchs and colleagues in negative ion spray mode and selective ion monitoring (SIM) [33]. Gradient elution using a C-18 column (3.96150 mm, 3 lm) allowed for quantification of glycine in addition to D,Lser.…”

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confidence: 99%

Separation and sensitive detection of D‐amino acids in biological matrices

Kirschner

Green

2009

J of Separation Science

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The increase in our understanding of D-amino acid function and distribution in mammals is in many ways a result of the initial development of sensitive enantioselective separation strategies that allow for quantification in real biological samples. This article reviews progress on the development of chiral selective separation and detection of D-amino acids including enzyme-based microbiosensors, GC/MS, HPLC/fluorescence, HPLC/MS-MS, cEKC/fluorescence, and MEKC/fluorescence. Only methods capable of analyzing D-isomers in biological matrices are given here and significant effort is made to highlight approaches that offer speed, resolution, high sensitivity, and versatility.

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“…Therefore, high-throughput analysis techniques are necessary to determine D-AAs in biological fluids and tissues [56]. Fuchs et al developed and validated two chromatographic methods, i.e., GC-MS and LC-MS for the determination of D-Ser, L-Ser, and glycine (Gly) in cerebrospinal fluid (CBF) [56]. Pentafluoropropionic anhydride was used for sample derivatization before CG analysis.…”

Section: Chromatographic Methods For Aa Determination In Biological Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiomeric Ratio of Amino Acids as a Tool for Determination of Aging and Disease Diagnostics by Chromatographic Measurement

2016

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Abstract:Occurrence of D-amino acids in living organisms is a useful indicator of various changes, diseases, or disorders. Determination of amino acid enantiomers, namely the enantiomeric ratio of amino acids or excess of certain D-amino acids, represents a useful tool in the studies of aging processes or biomarkers in disease/disorder diagnosis in humans. The amount of D-amino acids is usually very low. Therefore, suitable sample pretreatment, often derivatization, and highly selective and sensitive separation methods are essential for D-amino acid analysis in this field. Chromatographic techniques offer appropriate choices for solving these tasks. This review covers the advances in methodology and development of improved instrumental chromatographic methods focused on D,L-amino acid separation and determination. New findings in the area of possible D-amino acid biomarkers are also included.

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Two Mass-Spectrometric Techniques for Quantifying Serine Enantiomers and Glycine in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Potential Confounders and Age-Dependent Ranges

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Serine Lipids of Porphyromonas gingivalis Are Human and Mouse Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands

Serine Lipids of Porphyromonas gingivalis Are Human and Mouse Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands

Separation and sensitive detection of D‐amino acids in biological matrices

Enantiomeric Ratio of Amino Acids as a Tool for Determination of Aging and Disease Diagnostics by Chromatographic Measurement

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