For routine maintenance, cells were grown in Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium (DME) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS; PAA Labor und Forschungs Ges, MBH, Linz, Austria) in an atmosphere of 5% C02/95% air under saturating humidity at 37°C, except for MCF7 cells BB104, which were routinely maintained in 10% charcoal dextran-treated human serum (CDHS)-supplemented phenol red-free DME medium, prepared as described below.Plasma-derived human serum was prepared from expired plasma by adding calcium chloride to a final concentration of 30 mM to facilitate clot formation. Sex steroids were removed from serum by charcoal-dextran stripping (6).Cellproliferation experiments. We used MCF7 cells in the E-screen test according to a technique slightly modified from that originally described by Soto et al. (5). Briefly, cells were trypsinized and plated in 24-well plates (Limbro, McLean, Virginia) at an initial concentration of 10,000 cells per well in 5% FBS in DME. BB104 cells were seeded in 10% CDHS supplemented medium. The cells were allowed to attach for 24 hr, then 10% CDHS-supplemented phenol red-free DME was substituted for the seeding medium. A range of concentrations of the test compound were added, and the assay was stopped after 144 hr by removing the medium from wells, fixing the cells, and staining them with sulforhodamine-B (SRB).The fixation and staining technique was modified from that described by Skehan et al. (9). Briefly, cells were treated with cold 10% trichloracetic acid and incubated at 4°C for 30 min. Then the cells were washed five times with tap water and left to dry. The fixed cells were stained for 10 min with