Two new iridoid glycosides from the fruit of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>

Li, Haibo; Ma, Jinfeng; Mei, Yu-Dan; Liu, Ling-Xian; Cao, Zhipeng; Shi, Danfeng; Yao, Xin‐Sheng; Yu, Yang

doi:10.1080/14786419.2020.1775227

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The shikimate/o-succinylbenzoic acid pathway mainly exists in Rubiaceae plants, while the polyketide pathway mainly exists in fungi and other plants, such as Leguminosae, Rhamnaceae, and Polygonaceae 35 , 36 . Terpenoids are the main active ingredients of many medicinal plants, such as Andrographis paniculata , Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Gardenia jasminoides 37 – 39 . The synthesis of terpenoids starts from the common precursors IPP and DMAPP, and then TPS converts the corresponding substrates to form structurally diverse monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-quality genome assembly of Morinda officinalis, a famous native southern herb in the Lingnan region of southern China

Wang

et al. 2021

Horticulture Research

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Morinda officinalis is a well-known medicinal and edible plant that is widely cultivated in the Lingnan region of southern China. Its dried roots (called bajitian in traditional Chinese medicine) are broadly used to treat various diseases, such as impotence and rheumatism. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of M. officinalis using Nanopore single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C technology. The assembled genome size was 484.85 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 40.97 Mb, and 90.77% of the assembled sequences were anchored on eleven pseudochromosomes. The genome includes 27,698 protein-coding genes, and most of the assemblies are repetitive sequences. Genome evolution analysis revealed that M. officinalis underwent core eudicot γ genome triplication events but no recent whole-genome duplication (WGD). Likewise, comparative genomic analysis showed no large-scale structural variation after species divergence between M. officinalis and Coffea canephora. Moreover, gene family analysis indicated that gene families associated with plant–pathogen interactions and sugar metabolism were significantly expanded in M. officinalis. Furthermore, we identified many candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of major active components such as anthraquinones, iridoids and polysaccharides. In addition, we also found that the DHQS, GGPPS, TPS-Clin, TPS04, sacA, and UGDH gene families—which include the critical genes for active component biosynthesis—were expanded in M. officinalis. This study provides a valuable resource for understanding M. officinalis genome evolution and active component biosynthesis. This work will facilitate genetic improvement and molecular breeding of this commercially important plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-quality genome assembly of Morinda officinalis, a famous native southern herb in the Lingnan region of southern China

Wang

et al. 2021

Horticulture Research

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“…Hepatotoxicity is characterized by elevated liver enzymes, liver weight, focal necrosis, and marked inflammatory infiltration of hepatocytes [ 13 ]. The main reason is that geniposide is hydrolyzed and converted to genipin under the action of intestinal flora, which is metabolized in the body, and the hemiacetal structure is unstable and ring-opened, which further binds to free glutathione, cysteine, and other amino acids in the body and destroys the relative homeostasis of protein levels, which, in turn, causes great toxicity to the liver [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Methylgenipin and Evaluation of Its Anti-Hepatic Injury Activity

et al. 2023

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Genipin has been the focus of research as a multifunctional compound for the treatment of pathogenic diseases. However, hepatotoxicity caused by oral genipin raises concerns about its safety. To obtain novel derivatives with low toxicity and efficacy, we synthesized methylgenipin (MG), a new compound, using structural modification, and investigated the safety of MG administration. The results showed that the LD50 of oral MG was higher than 1000 mg/kg, no mice died or were poisoned during the experiment in the treatment group, and there was no significant difference in biochemical parameters and liver pathological sections compared with the control. Importantly, MG (100 mg/kg/d) treatment for 7 days reduced alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced increases in liver index, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels. Histopathology demonstrated that MG could treat ANIT-induced cholestasis. In addition, using proteomics to investigate the molecular mechanism of MG in the treatment of a liver injury may be related to enhancing antioxidant function. Kit validation showed that ANIT induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, while the MG pretreatments, both of which were significantly reversed to some extent, suggested that MG may alleviate ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting oxidative stress injury. In this study, we demonstrate that the treatment of mice with MG does not cause impaired liver function and provide an investigation of the efficacy of MG against ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity, laying the foundation for the safety evaluation and clinical application of MG.

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