Background:
A direct synthesis of functionalized spiro[oxindole-3,3'-pyrrolines] is achieved via thermodynamic control (~60 oC), three-component 1,4-dipolar cycloaddition reaction involving 3-phenylimidazo[5,1-a]isoquinoline, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and N-alkylisatins. Methods: Conversely, this one-pot reaction furnished, upon conduction at 25–38 oC, the expected 1,3-oxazepino[7,6-b]indoles as the main kinetic control products. The calculated energy of the optimized molecular structures of model spiro-oxindole and its isomeric oxazepino-indole indicate that spiro-oxindole is more stable by 76.1 kJ/mol.
Results:
The structures of the synthesized spiro adducts were evidenced from NMR and MS spectral data and further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Characteristic features of the spiro-oxindoles are displaced in their 13C-spectra as diagnostic signals at ~53 and ~70 ppm assigned, respectively, to the spiro carbon-3 and sp3 CH-2' of the pyrroline ring.
Conclusion:
This unprecedented thermally induced pathway in 1,4-dipolar cycloaddition, utilizing imidazo[5,1-a]isoquinoline and related congeners would serve as a new route towards the synthesis of spiro[oxindole-3,3'-pyrrolines] that is a class of diverse biological activities. An insight into the thermodynamic control pathway is presented.