Two Novel Antibiotic Resistance Genes,
 tet
 (44) and
 ant(6)-Ib
 , Are Located within a Transferable Pathogenicity Island in
 Campylobacter fetus
 subsp.
 fetus

Abril, Carlos; Brodard, Isabelle; Perreten, Vincent

doi:10.1128/aac.00304-10

Cited by 61 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Few studies have investigated resistance due to ribosomal modifications and virulence. The tet(44) gene, which has been reported to be involved in resistance in Campylobacter fetus, is located in a pathogenicity island (PAI) that encodes the components necessary for the bacterial type IV secretion system (142) showing a coselection phenomenon.…”

Section: Resistance To Tetracyclines and Tigecycline And Effect On VImentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence: a Successful or Deleterious Association in the Bacterial World?

Beceiro

Tomás²,

Bou³

2013

Clin Microbiol Rev

855

630

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SUMMARY Hosts and bacteria have coevolved over millions of years, during which pathogenic bacteria have modified their virulence mechanisms to adapt to host defense systems. Although the spread of pathogens has been hindered by the discovery and widespread use of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial resistance has increased globally. The emergence of resistant bacteria has accelerated in recent years, mainly as a result of increased selective pressure. However, although antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence have developed on different timescales, they share some common characteristics. This review considers how bacterial virulence and fitness are affected by antibiotic resistance and also how the relationship between virulence and resistance is affected by different genetic mechanisms (e.g., coselection and compensatory mutations) and by the most prevalent global responses. The interplay between these factors and the associated biological costs depend on four main factors: the bacterial species involved, virulence and resistance mechanisms, the ecological niche, and the host. The development of new strategies involving new antimicrobials or nonantimicrobial compounds and of novel diagnostic methods that focus on high-risk clones and rapid tests to detect virulence markers may help to resolve the increasing problem of the association between virulence and resistance, which is becoming more beneficial for pathogenic bacteria.

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Section: Resistance To Tetracyclines and Tigecycline And Effect On VImentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence: a Successful or Deleterious Association in the Bacterial World?

Beceiro

Tomás²,

Bou³

2013

Clin Microbiol Rev

855

630

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“…fetus strains, also located on a pathogenicity island thought to be associated with mobility (Abril, Brodard et al 2010). …”

Section: Agglutination Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strain 924 was isolated from a bull prepuce abattoir study . Strain 924 displayed resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin antibiotics in laboratory testing which were of interest given findings of pathogenicity islands situated on C. fetus genes associated with antibiotic resistance (Abril, Brodard et al 2010). …”

Section: Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine genital campylobacteriosis: isolation, identification and virulence profiling of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in a small animal model

Koya¹

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Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis is a significant disease in Australian beef and dairy herds. The causative organism, Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis is a microaerophilic bacterium that often resides asymptomatically in bull penile sheaths and is passed on to females during mating. Virulent strains of the bacterium can cause subfertility and late term abortions in infected females. It has the potential to cause large economic losses and is often difficult to diagnose by culture due to the slow-growing, fastidious bacterium becoming overgrown by contaminants. The gold standard for detection is culture and biochemical testing for identification.Isolation and identification methodologies for C. fetus subsp. venerealis have not been reviewed for many years partly due to the lack of an Australian culture collection. Determining the variation in transport media viability, culture phenotyping, addition of newer phenotypic tests or the evaluation of strain virulence relies on the availability of cultures for analysis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use a shared culture collection to identify best practice for transport media and isolation methodologies, define the phenotypic profile through refined, standardised methods and develop a pregnant guinea pig model to facilitate future studies of the pathogenicity, abortion mechanism and vaccine efficacy of C. fetus subsp. venerealis.This study biochemically characterised 152 Campylobacter-like isolates to determine the breadth of variability, and to test innovative diagnostic tools for phenotypic characterisations. Strains of C. fetus subsp. venerealis were used to determine viability in the commonly recommended Lander's transport and enrichment medium (TEM) as well as the recently described Thomann transport and enrichment (TTE) medium in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiment also aimed to determine the efficacy of the two transport media with subsequent sub-culture onto: sheep blood agar (SBA) with and without filtration (0.45 µm) and Campylobacter selective agar. Incubation temperature effect was also studied, by comparing TEM enrichment at 25°C and 37°C. The in vivo cattle field trial found no significant difference in the isolation of C. fetus subsp. venerealis between Lander's and TTE (p=0.1037), while a higher number of thermophilic Campylobacter cultures were isolated from TTE media. In vitro, both TTE and Lander's media were able to sustain C. fetus subsp. venerealis growth for up to 7 days at either 25°C or 37°C, and allow enrichment in spiked mixed cultures with either P. vulgaris or C. jejuni. Campylobacter selective agar appeared to produce the most consistent positive results from spiked mixed cultures, while SBA was overgrown in most instances and 0.45 µm filtration produced inconsistent results and required a high starting concentration (10 5 CFU/ml). Therefore, diagnostically the use of either TTE or Lander's TEM for transport of samples iii followed by plating onto Campylobacter selective agar was optimal for isolation of ...

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“…The previously published degenerate primer pair Ribo2-FW/Ribo2-RV detects 7 classes of RPP tet genes, namely tet (B(P)), tet (M), tet (O), tet (Q), tet (S), tet (T), and tet (W), and they have successfully been used in detecting RPP tet genes in various samples [8] [22]- [24]. In the present study, the forward primer (Ribo2-FW) was altered so that the primer pair can detect the tet (32), tet (36), and tet (44) RPP genes which were discovered after the original Ribo2-FW/RV primers were designed [25]- [27]. Because this primer pair allows 10 different classes of RPP tet genes to be detected simultaneously, it can be useful in targeted metagenomic analysis of RPP tet genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of PCR Cycles and Magnesium Chloride Concentration Affect Detection of tet Genes Encoding Ribosomal Protection Proteins in Swine Manure

Schmidt¹,

Stiverson²,

Angen³

et al. 2014

AiM

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PCR is routinely used in detection of antibiotic resistance genes including different classes of tet and erm genes. It remains unknown how PCR conditions affect detection of resistance genes in terms of genetic diversity and prevalence. In this study, numbers of PCR cycles and MgCl 2 concentrations were evaluated for their effect on the diversity and prevalence of the tet genes that encode ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) in composted swine fecal samples using the degenerate Ribo2_new_FW/Ribo2-RV primer pair. Four MgCl 2 concentrations and 3 cycle numbers were tested in a 4 × 3 factorial design. A clone library was constructed for each PCR condition combination, and randomly selected clones were sequenced to determine the genetic diversity and relative distribution of RPP tet genes. Significant differences in genetic diversity and prevalence of tet genes were found among the tested cycle numbers and MgCl 2 concentration combinations. The results suggest that 35 PCR cycles and 7 mM MgCl 2 allow for optimal detection of the tet genes in swine feces using the Ribo2_new_FW/Ribo2-RV primer pair and that this combination should be used for further assay optimization and validation. These results also suggest that PCR conditions should be taken into consideration when PCR conditions are chosen for ecological studies of tet genes and when the results are interpreted.

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Two Novel Antibiotic Resistance Genes, tet (44) and ant(6)-Ib , Are Located within a Transferable Pathogenicity Island in Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence: a Successful or Deleterious Association in the Bacterial World?

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence: a Successful or Deleterious Association in the Bacterial World?

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis: isolation, identification and virulence profiling of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in a small animal model

Number of PCR Cycles and Magnesium Chloride Concentration Affect Detection of <i>tet</i> Genes Encoding Ribosomal Protection Proteins in Swine Manure

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Two Novel Antibiotic Resistance Genes, tet (44) and ant(6)-Ib , Are Located within a Transferable Pathogenicity Island in Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence: a Successful or Deleterious Association in the Bacterial World?

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence: a Successful or Deleterious Association in the Bacterial World?

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis: isolation, identification and virulence profiling of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in a small animal model

Number of PCR Cycles and Magnesium Chloride Concentration Affect Detection of &lt;i&gt;tet&lt;/i&gt; Genes Encoding Ribosomal Protection Proteins in Swine Manure

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Number of PCR Cycles and Magnesium Chloride Concentration Affect Detection of <i>tet</i> Genes Encoding Ribosomal Protection Proteins in Swine Manure