Two novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) recombinants from a natural recombinant and distinct subtypes of PEDV variants

Chen, Nanhua; Li, Shuangjie; Zhou, Rongyun; Zhu, Meiqin; He, Shan; Ye, Mengxue; Huang, Yibo; Li, Shuai; Zhu, Cong; Xia, Pengpeng; Zhu, Jianzhong

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.013

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported on the occurrence of recombination in different PEDV strains (Chen et al, 2017, Li et al, 2018; | 115 Boniotti et al, 2016). Here, the aligned complete genomes were all scanned for recombination using seven different algorithms implemented in RDP v.4.95.…”

Section: Global Emergence Of Recombinant Pedvmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary and genotypic analyses of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains

Guo

Fang

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

103

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which re-emerged in China in October 2010, has spread rapidly worldwide. Detailed analyses of the complete genomes of different PEDV strains are essential to understand the relationships among re-emerging and historic strains worldwide. Here, we analysed the complete genomes of 409 strains from different countries, which were classified into five subgroup strains (i.e., GI-a, GI-b, GII-a, GII-b, and GII-c). Phylogenetic study of different genes in the PEDV strains revealed that the newly discovered subgroup GII-c exhibited inconsistent topologies between the spike gene and other genes. Furthermore, recombination analysis indicated that GII-c viruses evolved from a recombinant virus that acquired the 5' part of the spike gene from the GI-a subgroup and the remaining genomic regions from the GII-a subgroup. Molecular clock analysis showed that divergence of the GII-c subgroup spike gene occurred in April 2010, suggesting that the subgroup originated from recombination events before the PEDV re-emergence outbreaks. Interestingly, Ascaris suum, a large roundworm occurring in pigs, was found to be an unusual PEDV host, providing potential support for cross-host transmission. This study has significant implications for understanding ongoing global PEDV outbreaks and will guide future efforts to develop effective preventative measures against PEDV.

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Section: Global Emergence Of Recombinant Pedvmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary and genotypic analyses of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains

Guo

Fang

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

103

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“…Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with 41 genomes ranging in size between 26 and 32 kb ( Figure 1A and 3A). CoV recombination 42 has been reported to be associated with increased spread, severe disease, and vaccine 43 failure in livestock CoV epidemics (Chen et al, 2017;Feng et al, 2018) and proposed 44 to be important in the emergence of human CoVs including the beta-CoVs (b-CoVs) 45 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (Anthony et al, 2017;46 are subsequently translated into structural and accessory proteins (Dufour et al, 2011;70 Kirchdoerfer and Ward, 2019; Subissi et al, 2014;Weiss et al, 1994). CoV replication 71 also generates defective viral genomes (DVGs) that contain multiple deletions of 72 genomic sequence.…”

Section: Introduction 40mentioning

confidence: 99%

The coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease mediates extensive viral recombination

Gribble

Pruijssers

Agostini

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In exp. I, 2-day-old old piglets were orally inoculated with the local outbreak strain nv-PEDV [36]. Although the final (72 hpi) survival rate differed little in the WT and KO animals, based on the histopathologic examination and considering the 3 deadly moribund WT piglets (Table 4, Fig 4A), the CMAH KO piglets showed greater resistance to nv-PEDV infection than the WT animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all of the affected one-week-old piglets died of watery diarrhoea. The aetiology of the disease was confirmed to be a virulent strain of PEDV (it was thereafter designated the Jimei strain); the sequence of this strain is almost identical to that of the strain that caused the epidemic outbreak of PEDV in the US in 2014 [36]. Although nv-PEDV can replicate in the Vero cell line, the nv-PEDV used in the challenge was prepared by oral inoculation of new born piglets that had not received colostrum to maintain its pathogenicity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessening of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus susceptibility in piglets after editing of the CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene with CRISPR/Cas9 to nullify N-glycolylneuraminic acid expression

Chuang²,

Hsiao

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) devastates the health of piglets but may not infect piglets whose CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene mutated (knockouts, KO) by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing techniques. This hypothesis was tested by using KO piglets challenged with PEDV. Two single-guide RNAs targeting the CMAH gene and Cas9 mRNA were microinjected into the cytoplasm of newly fertilized eggs; 4 live founders generated and proven to be biallelic KO, lacking detectable N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA). The founders were bred, and homozygous offspring were obtained. Two-day-old (in exps. I and III) and 3-day-old (in exp. II) KO and wild-type (WT) piglets were inoculated with TCID50 1x103 PEDV and then fed 20 mL of infant formula (in exps. I and II) or sow’s colostrum (in exp. III) every 4 hours. In exp. III, the colostrum was offered 6 times and was then replaced with Ringer/5% glucose solution. At 72 hours post-PEDV inoculation (hpi), the animals were euthanized for necropsy, and their intestines were sampled. In all 3 experiments, the piglets showed apparent outward clinical manifestations suggesting that infection occurred despite the CMAH KO. In exp. I, all 6 WT piglets and only 1 of 6 KO piglets died at 72 hpi. Histopathology and immunofluorescence staining showed that the villus epithelial cells of WT piglets were severely exfoliated, but only moderate exfoliation and enterocyte vacuolization was observed in KO piglets. In exp. II, delayed clinical symptoms appeared, yet the immunofluorescence staining/histopathologic inspection (I/H) scores of the two groups differed little. In exp. III, the animals exhibited clinical and pathological signs after inoculation similar to those in exp. II. These results suggest that porcine CMAH KO with nullified NGNA expression are not immune to PEDV but that this KO may lessen the severity of the infection and delay its occurrence.

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Two novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) recombinants from a natural recombinant and distinct subtypes of PEDV variants

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Evolutionary and genotypic analyses of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains

Evolutionary and genotypic analyses of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains

The coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease mediates extensive viral recombination

Lessening of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus susceptibility in piglets after editing of the CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene with CRISPR/Cas9 to nullify N-glycolylneuraminic acid expression

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