Two-photon-induced reduction of metal ions for fabricating three-dimensional electrically conductive metallic microstructure

Tanaka, Takuo; Ishikawa, Atsushi; Kawata, Satoshi

doi:10.1063/1.2177636

Cited by 245 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These processes occurring in cells should raise the overall background level of particles, but occur over longer time scales than the photoreduction results presented here, allowing us to confine the reduction to a laser focus region (Figs 2a and 3a). In bacteria, specific molecules involved with gold reduction have recently been identified 29 , while in non-biological environments, laser photoreduction to create metallic microstructures has been demonstrated and the corresponding reduction pathways are more amenable to experimental analysis 30,31 . While the photoreduction pathway in the cellular environment is not obvious, the results here show clearly that even with light, the presence of cellular components is required.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows the placement of particles anywhere in the cell by targeting an area of interest with a focused laser beam. Metallic particle-based laser fabrication of larger structures has previously been shown where particles are fused together, similar to sintering in metallurgy 31 , allowing the creation of arbitrary shapes. While the most useful metallic structure in a cell would appear to be nanoparticles, other shapes may be created and utilized in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-targeted photofabrication of gold nanoparticles inside cells

et al. 2014

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Nanoparticle manipulation is of increasing interest, since they can report single moleculelevel measurements of the cellular environment. Until now, however, intracellular nanoparticle locations have been essentially uncontrollable. Here we show that by infusing a gold ion solution, focused laser light-induced photoreduction allows in situ fabrication of gold nanoparticles at precise locations. The resulting particles are pure gold nanocrystals, distributed throughout the laser focus at sizes ranging from 2 to 20 nm, and remain in place even after removing the gold solution. We demonstrate the spatial control by scanning a laser beam to write characters in gold inside a cell. Plasmonically enhanced molecular signals could be detected from nanoparticles, allowing their use as nano-chemical probes at targeted locations inside the cell, with intracellular molecular feedback. Such light-based control of the intracellular particle generation reaction also offers avenues for in situ plasmonic device creation in organic targets, and may eventually link optical and electron microscopy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-targeted photofabrication of gold nanoparticles inside cells

et al. 2014

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“…Many micro/nano fabrication techniques featuring 3D structures that could be applied to photonic and MMs have been developed in recent years. These techniques include layer-by-layer stacking 3,14,15 , structural rolling 16,17 , shadow evaporation 18 , multilayer electroplating 19 , membrane projection lithography 20,21 , stress-driven assembly 22 , direct laser writing 8,[23][24][25][26][27][28] , and ion-beam irradiation [29][30][31] . However, effective fabrication of nanoscale 3D plasmonic structures that can be spatially oriented with a hierarchical geometry remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directly patterned substrate-free plasmonic “nanograter” structures with unusual Fano resonances

et al. 2015

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The application of three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures as metamaterials (MMs), nano-antennas, and other devices faces challenges in producing metallic nanostructures with easily definable orientations, sophisticated shapes, and smooth surfaces that are operational in the optical regime and beyond. Here, we demonstrate that complex 3D nanostructures can be readily achieved with focused-ion-beam irradiation-induced folding and examine the optical characteristics of plasmonic ''nanograter'' structures that are composed of free-standing Au films. These 3D nanostructures exhibit interesting 3D hybridization in current flows and exhibit unusual and well-scalable Fano resonances at wavelengths ranging from 1.6 to 6.4 mm. Upon the introduction of liquids of various refractive indices to the structures, a strong dependence of the Fano resonance is observed, with spectral sensitivities of 1400 nm and 2040 nm per refractive index unit under figures of merit of 35.0 and 12.5, respectively, for low-order and high-order resonance in the near-infrared region. This work indicates the exciting, increasing relevance of similarly constructed 3D free-standing nanostructures in the research and development of photonics and MMs.

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“…[14][15][16] The method described here yields submicrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H 2 O).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

Vora

Kang

Mazur

2012

JoVE

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The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating metal patterns on a submicron scale requires a combination of nanofabrication tools and several material processing steps. For example, steps to create planar metal structures using ultraviolet photolithography and electron-beam lithography can include sample exposure, sample development, metal deposition, and metal liftoff. To create 3D metal structures, the sequence is repeated multiple times. The complexity and difficulty of stacking and aligning multiple layers limits practical implementations of 3D metal structuring using standard nanofabrication tools. Femtosecond-laser direct-writing has emerged as a pre-eminent technique for 3D nanofabrication. 1,2 Femtosecond lasers are frequently used to create 3D patterns in polymers and glasses. [3][4][5][6][7] However, 3D metal direct-writing remains a challenge. Here, we describe a method to fabricate silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm. The method enables the fabrication of patterns not feasible using other techniques, such as 3D arrays of disconnected silver voxels. 8 Disconnected 3D metal patterns are useful for metamaterials where unit cells are not in contact with each other, 9 such as coupled metal dot 10,11 or coupled metal rod 12,13 resonators. Potential applications include negative index metamaterials, invisibility cloaks, and perfect lenses.In femtosecond-laser direct-writing, the laser wavelength is chosen such that photons are not linearly absorbed in the target medium. When the laser pulse duration is compressed to the femtosecond time scale and the radiation is tightly focused inside the target, the extremely high intensity induces nonlinear absorption. Multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously to cause electronic transitions that lead to material modification within the focused region. Using this approach, one can form structures in the bulk of a material rather than on its surface.Most work on 3D direct metal writing has focused on creating self-supported metal structures. 14-16 The method described here yields submicrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H 2 O). Samples are then patterned by irradiation with an 11-MHz femtosecond laser producing 50-fs pulses. During irradiation, photoreduction of silver ions is induced through nonlinear absorption, creating an aggregate of silver nanoparticles in the focal region. Using this approach we create silver patterns embedded in a doped PVP matrix. Adding 3D translation of the sample extends the patterning to three dimensions. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Two-photon-induced reduction of metal ions for fabricating three-dimensional electrically conductive metallic microstructure

Cited by 245 publications

References 13 publications

Laser-targeted photofabrication of gold nanoparticles inside cells

Laser-targeted photofabrication of gold nanoparticles inside cells

Directly patterned substrate-free plasmonic “nanograter” structures with unusual Fano resonances

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

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