Two-photon-induced stretchable graphene supercapacitors

Abstract

Direct laser writing with an ultrashort laser beam pulses has emerged as a cost-effective single step technology for realizing high spatial resolution features of three-dimensional structures in confined footprints with potential for large area fabrication. Here we present the two-photon direct laser writing technology to develop high-performance stretchable biomimetic three-dimensional micro-supercapacitors with the fractal electrode distance down to 1 µm. With multilayered graphene oxide films, we show the charge transfer capability enhanced by order of 102 while the energy storage density exceeds the results in current lithium-ion batteries. The stretchability and the volumetric capacitance are increased to 150% and 86 mF/cm3 (0.181 mF/cm2), respectively. This additive nanofabrication method is highly desirable for the development of self-sustainable stretchable energy storage integrated with wearable technologies. The flexible and stretchable energy storage with a high energy density opens the new opportunity for on-chip sensing, imaging, and monitoring.

Laser Beam‐Induced Transient Acoustic Waves in Graphene Oxides

“…These effects are not found during the photoexposures in GOs using the higher repetition laser beam pulses such as 80, 40, and 20 MHz. [ 13 ] Figure 1c shows the same region's image after the laser beam, under the same irradiation conditions, is turned off, which leaves the phase transformed graphene patterns in the thin film. The observed ripple waves are absent, unlike the permanent periodic features observed in graphite.…”

“…Recently, multiphoton ionization in GOs contributing to the photochemical reduction using the femtosecond (fs) laser beam pulses interaction is reported. [ 13 ] Recent density functional theory and experimental studies suggest the localized reversible phases in GO material and the wettable GOs with the bond breaking in the material's atomic structure. [ 14 ] Our article explores the generation of laser‐induced acoustic waves during GOs’ photoreduction and associated reversible changes in the material.…”

Large-scale waterproof and stretchable textile-integrated laser- printed graphene energy storages

“…Further, trials on the reduction of the coated GO/Matte thin film on fabrics with a consideration for avoiding the damages for the underlying textiles were done using different types of laser beams varying from the continuous wave (CW) to femtosecond (fs) pulses for obtaining a uniform electrical conductivity and porosity conditions for the energy storage electrodes since these two factors were essential in the formation of the energy storage capacitance 31 . A detailed study on the generation of porosity in laser-printed graphenes using a CW carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser beam which induces a photothermal reduction and fs laser beam pulses which induces a combination of photothermal and photochemical reduction can be found in our earlier literatures 29,32 .…”

“…The use of low-dimensional materials like activated carbons and graphene as the electrode materials for these energy storages along with the suitable electrolytes can solve the energy storage-related issues of the e-textiles 14,28 . Recent reports on the development of stretchable laser-printed graphene supercapacitors 29 up to 150% is a promising development for the wearable technologies, which in turn relies on the self-healing properties of graphene oxides (GOs) 30 .…”

Laser scribed graphene for supercapacitors

“…117 and (b-f) ref. 80 , American Chemical Society; (g) ref. 81 , under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.…”