Two rare antioxidant and anti-inflammatory oleanenes from loop root Asiatic mangrove Rhizophora mucronata

Marine natural products

“…Mangroves or their associates were the sources of benzaldehyde 1492 (Rhizophora mangle), 719 sesquiterpenes 1493, 1494 (Rhizophora annamalayana), 720 terpenoids 1495, 1496 (Rhizophora mucronata), 721 diterpenes 1497-1499 (Ceriops tagal), 722 1500 (Wedelia prostrata), 723 triterpenes paracaseolins A-E 1501-1505 (Sonneratia paracaseolaris), 724 1506, 1507 (Rhizophora mucronata), 725 limonoids granaxylocartin A 1508, 726 xylomexicanins I and J 1509, 1510, 727 sundarbanxylogranins A-E 1511-1515, 728 and thaixylogranins A-H 1516-1523 (all from seeds of Xylocarpus granatum) 729 and krishnolides A-D 1524-1527 (from seeds of X. moluccensis) 730 and krishnadimer A 1528, an unusual C 2 -symmetric limonoid dimer (also from seeds of X. moluccensis). 731 The structure of the latter is notable for being the rst example of a dimeric limonoid.…”

“…The reader is cautioned regarding the veracity of structures 1493-1496, 1506, 1507 as in each case sample purity is questionable as is the quality of NMR spectroscopic data used for their characterisation. 720,721,725 The ability of avicequinone C (Avicennia marina) and synthetic analogues to exhibit cytotoxicity and to inhibit steroid 5a-reductase has been studied. 732…”

Untitled

“…The traditional use of Medicinal plants has no side effects, toxicity with improved efficacy and safety. Antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-viral are the important biological activities that are studied in medicinal plant extracts 4,5,6 .…”

Oxygenated heterocyclic metabolites with dual cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory potentials from Rhizophora annamalayana

“…and 2, 2′-azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS .+ ) assays, as detailed in the earlier works of literature (Lim et al 2007;Chakraborty and Raola 2017). The anti-inflammatory activities were carried out by using the cyclooxygenase-1, 2 (COX-1 and 2) inhibition assay by 2, 7-dichloroluorescein method and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition assay, as reported before (Raola and Chakraborty 2017a).…”

“…These specialized adaptations were reported to enable these mangrove plants to biosynthesis various biologically active metabolites to sustain their adverse living conditions (Nebula et al 2013). Earlier investigations on the chemical compounds from mangrove species, especially those belonging to the family Rhizophoraceae, identified the occurrence of bioactive metabolites with diverse structural frameworks, such as tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, flavonoids, steroids, aryl terpenoids, pimaranes, labdanes, chromenes, and kauranes (Wang et al 2004;Wang et al 2005;Rohini and Das 2010;Nebula et al 2013;Costa et al 2014;Laskar and Brahmachari 2014;Jameel et al 2015;Chakraborty and Raola 2017;Martins et al 2017;Raola and Chakraborty 2017a), which were endowed with potent chemical and biological activities (Rocha-Santos and Duarte 2014; Hegazy et al 2015).…”