Two S-type Z-eigenvalue inclusion sets for tensors

Wang, Yanan; Wang, Gang

doi:10.1186/s13660-017-1428-6

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The increased surface hydrophilicity is desirable because not only it is better for water permeation but also it could reduce fouling by various hydrophobic foulant, since water molecules will be adsorbed to a hydrophilic surface through hydrogen bonds and form a thin water boundary layer, which promotes the transport of water across membrane and serves as a barrier to restrain undesirable adhesion of hydrophobic foulant on the membrane surface …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super‐hydrophilic electrospun PVDF/PVA‐blended nanofiber membrane for microfiltration with ultrahigh water flux

Zhou

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work provides a novel approach to improve not only water flux but also fouling resistance of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. PVDF/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-blended nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning method. The structure and performance of blended nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, tensile mechanical measurement, and filtration experiments. These results indicate that PVA was uniformly blend in the PVDF matrix. This blended nanofiber membranes with the ridge-and-valley structure and bicontinuous phase exhibited the hydrophilic performance and super-wettability, which is reflected in a drop of water fully spread within 1.44 s. Filtration experiments showed that the blended nanofiber membranes have ultrahigh flux and low irreversible fouling ratio. In general, this work enhances the possibility of hydrophilic modification of hydrophobic PVDF membranes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super‐hydrophilic electrospun PVDF/PVA‐blended nanofiber membrane for microfiltration with ultrahigh water flux

Zhou

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Physical coating and chemical grafting of zwitterionic materials that possess both negatively and positively charged moieties within the same side chain segment have also been investigated. Surface‐initiated atom‐transfer radical polymerization, initiated chemical vapor deposition, and concentration–polarization‐enhanced graft polymerization are some of the methods that are typically used to coat or graft zwitterionic polymers on the membrane surface . Particularly, owing to strong and stable electrostatic bonds with water, this modification approach is viably used to improve the anti‐biofouling properties of RO TFC membranes .…”

Section: Solutions Towards Energy‐efficient Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al. have modified a commercial RO membrane with carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) zwitterionic polymer containing quaternary ammonium cations by redox‐initiated graft polymerization of N , N ′‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), followed by a surface quaternization reaction with 3‐bromopropionic acid (3‐BPA) to improve the water flux and biofouling resistance simultaneously . The water flux recovery of the modified membrane is much higher than that of the unmodified RO membrane, and almost complete removal (99 %) of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria by bacteriostasis mechanisms is observed.…”

Section: Solutions Towards Energy‐efficient Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Water–Energy Nexus: Solutions towards Energy‐Efficient Desalination

et al. 2017

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Global water shortages across all continents have led to the explosive practice of desalination. However, desalination is undeniably recognized as one of the most energy‐intensive techniques for creating a clean and safe water supply. Cost reduction in different aspects is necessary to make desalination processes affordable and accessible. In fact, the cost of water from desalination facilities is momentously impacted by the energy requirements for water production. As the water production cost cannot be separated from the issue of energy, the desalination community is continuously seeking ways to reduce energy consumption further. Current research focuses on assessing and alleviating the major energy issues by finding ways to improve the energy efficiency of desalination facilities, which would pave the way for overall cost reduction. Improving the process and the efficiencies of materials implies improved water quality and an increase in the quantity produced per unit of energy consumed. This review highlights recent emerging approaches that aim to reduce the energy consumption and, hence, the water production cost of desalination technology. In brief, the advances made in membrane science and technology, the development of emerging desalination processes and their integrated systems, as well as the use of renewable energy and energy‐recovery systems are recognized as effective and feasible solutions towards energy‐efficient desalination to address the water crisis.

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Due to the superior atom efficiency, tunable structures and readily available characterization methods, the transition metal complexes had been explored deeply. Until now, quantities of transition metal catalysts based copper, [13][14][15][16] manganese, [17][18][19] cobalt, [20,21] iron [22,23] and nickel [24,25] have been explored for water oxidation. The catalysts can electrocatalyze water oxidation at a moderate or good turnover frequency (TOF) and a low overpotential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Half‐sandwich Ir (III) and Rh (III) complexes as catalysts for water oxidation with double‐site

Peng

Liu

Han

et al. 2019

Applied Organom Chemis

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A series of neutral binuclear iridium and rhodium complexes were synthesized based on bis‐imine ligands under mild conditions. These half‐sandwich late transition metal complexes were isolated in good yields and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HR‐MS, and FT‐IR spectroscopies, and the solid state structure of complexes 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) characterization indicated that the complex 1 has the best catalyst for water oxidation process with TOF of 0.8 s−1 at low overpotential of 0.325 V in methanol‐phosphate buffer. The proposed double‐site water oxidation mechanism had been also speculated.

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Two S-type Z-eigenvalue inclusion sets for tensors

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Super‐hydrophilic electrospun PVDF/PVA‐blended nanofiber membrane for microfiltration with ultrahigh water flux

Super‐hydrophilic electrospun PVDF/PVA‐blended nanofiber membrane for microfiltration with ultrahigh water flux

The Water–Energy Nexus: Solutions towards Energy‐Efficient Desalination

Half‐sandwich Ir (III) and Rh (III) complexes as catalysts for water oxidation with double‐site

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