Two-season agriculture and irrigated rice during the Dian: radiocarbon dates and archaeobotanical remains from Dayingzhuang, Yunnan, Southwest China

Martello, Rita Dal; Li, Xiaorui; Fuller, Dorian Q.

doi:10.1007/s12520-020-01268-y

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Thus, even as the human Austronesian expansion may have led to the southward movement of people and cultures Out-of-Taiwan (Lipson et al 2014;Yang et al 2020;Morseburg et al 2016), wet rice agriculture may not have come from this island, but instead may represent a separate introduction from mainland SE Asia. Current evidence suggests an early introduction of upland (dry) rice into mainland SE Asia after ~4000 BP, while a transition from upland rice to more productive wet rice took place later and was uneven across SE Asia (Castillo 2017;d'Alpoim Guedes et al 2020); this is seen ~2000 BP in northeast Thailand (Castillo et al 2018), and ~2400 BP in central Yunnan (Dal Martello et al 2021). Ocean sediments near the Pearl River delta also record a marked shift in proxies for erosion and upriver weathering from ~2500 BP, consistent with the intensification and expansion of agriculture throughout the Pearl River (Hu et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Analysis Traces Regional Dispersal of Rice in Taiwan and Southeast Asia

Alam

Gutaker

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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The dispersal of rice (Oryza sativa) following domestication influenced massive social and cultural changes across South, East, and Southeast Asia. The history of dispersal across islands of Southeast Asia, and the role of Taiwan and the Austronesian expansion in this process remain largely unresolved. Here, we reconstructed the routes of dispersal of O. sativa ssp. japonica rice through Taiwan and the northern Philippines using whole-genome re-sequencing of indigenous rice landraces coupled with archaeological and paleoclimate data. Our results indicate that japonica rice found in the northern Philippines diverged from Indonesian landraces as early as 3500 BP. In contrast, rice cultivated by the indigenous peoples of the Taiwanese mountains has complex origins. It comprises two distinct populations, each best explained as a result of admixture between temperate japonica that presumably came from northeast Asia, and tropical japonica from the northern Philippines and mainland Southeast Asia respectively. We find that the temperate japonica component of these indigenous Taiwan populations diverged from northeast Asia subpopulations at about 2600 BP, while gene flow from the northern Philippines occurred before ∼1300 years BP. This coincides with a period of intensified trade established across the South China Sea. Finally, we find evidence for positive selection acting on distinct genomic regions in different rice subpopulations, indicating local adaptation associated with the spread of japonica rice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Analysis Traces Regional Dispersal of Rice in Taiwan and Southeast Asia

Alam

Gutaker

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…We investigated Neolithic sites found in recent years in the Hengduan mountain regions along the Lancang, Jinsha, and Nujiang Rivers (Figure 1), but no radiocarbon data was found to be dated earlier than 4000 BP (Table 1). Only three Neolithic sites (Baiyangcun, Dadunzi, and Xinguang sites) dated before 4000 BP in northwestern Yunnan have been reported in previous studies (Dal Martello, 2020), suggesting that the frequency of the trans-Hengduan exchange may have been low during the Late Neolithic period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Understanding the transport networks complex between South Asia, Southeast Asia and China during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age

Dong

et al. 2022

The Holocene

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The emergence and intensification of transcontinental exchange during both the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age profoundly influenced the social history of Eurasia. While scholars have intensively discussed east-west long-distance communication along the proto-Silk Road, the north-south transport networks that connected China to South and Southeast Asia during the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age have attracted much less attention in the scholarly literature based on archeological science data. In this paper, we find new radiocarbon dates from 11 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in northwestern and central Yunnan in Southwest China, a key entrance into South and Southeast Asia from China. Combined with previously published archeological records and radiocarbon dates, we attempt to disentangle and understand the timing and routes of the networks linking China to South and Southeast Asia during the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age. We propose three north-south land routes that played essential roles in the cultural exchanges in addition to the proto-Silk Road and maritime routes. This includes the trans-Himalayan routes, trans-Hengduan Mountain routes, and the trans-Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau routes. The north-south exchange between China and South and Southeast Asia probably emerged in the fifth millennium BP (before the present) mainly through a low-frequency trans-Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and trans-Himalayan routes. The exchange frequency significantly increased after the fourth millennium BP, with the synchronous development of the three primary north-south passageways. Trans-Hengduan routes might have been the most crucial artery connecting China and South and Southeast Asia during 3000–2200 BP, but more archeological records are needed to understand the detailed evolution of these transport networks.

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“…According to the archeobotanical studies carried out at Shilinggang Zhang et al, 2017), humans cultivated both rice and millets, as well as some plants with underground storage organs, such as tubers, roots, and rhizomes. The annual average temperature and precipitation at the Shilinggang site are ∼21 • C and 1,100-1,200 mm, respectively ; thus, the climate of this (Xue, 2010;Zhang, 2011;Wang, 2014;Yao et al, 2015;Liu, 2016;Yang, 2016;Ren et al, 2017;Dal Martello et al, 2021) and the Central Plains (Pei et al, 2008;Ling et al, 2010a,b;Chen, 2012;Hou et al, 2012;Dong et al, 2017;Lan, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017;Tang et al, 2018;Sun, 2019;Li et al, 2020): ( 1 site is wetter and cooler than that of Jiangxifen. Accordingly, humans mainly consumed C 3 foods, with a little supplement from C 4 foods (likely millets).…”

Section: Spatial Pattern Of Human Subsistence Strategies and Influencing Factors Thereof In Yunnan Province During The Bronze Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is necessary to combine a variety of methods to comprehensively reconstruct human subsistence strategies in prehistoric times. Archeobotanical and stable isotope analyses for Bronze Age sites in Yunnan are particularly scarce, with only limited evidence from a small number of sites, such as Dayingzhuang (Dal Martello et al, 2021), Haimenkou (Xue, 2010), Shilinggang Ren et al, 2017), Jinlianshan-Xueshan (Zhang, 2011;Wang, 2014), and Mayutian (Zhang et al, 2014). Therefore, our current understanding of subsistence during the Bronze Age in this region is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FIGURE 4 | Comparison of human C isotope values and frequency index of the crop remains at the Jiangxifen site and other contemporaneous sites in Yunnan(Xue, 2010;Zhang, 2011;Wang, 2014;Yao et al, 2015;Liu, 2016;Yang, 2016;Ren et al, 2017;Dal Martello et al, 2021) and the Central Plains(Pei et al, 2008; Ling et al, 2010a,b;Chen, 2012;Hou et al, 2012;Dong et al, 2017;Lan, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017;Tang et al, 2018;Sun, 2019;Li et al, 2020): (1) Shilinggang; (2) Haimenkou; (3) Jiangxifen; (4) Yubeidi; (5) sites around Dian and Fuxianhu Lake (including Dayingzhuang, Hebosuo, Anjiang, Xiaogucheng, Guangfentou, and Xueshan); (6) Jinlianshan; (7) Jianhe; (8) Sunjianantou; (9) Zaoshugounao; (10) Liangdaicun; (11) Neiyangyuan; (12) Hengshui; (13) Shenmingpu; (14) Xiaonanzhuang; (15) Xinancheng; (16) Changxinyuan; and (17) Xiyasi.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Environmental Influences on Human Subsistence Strategies in Southwest China During the Bronze Age: A Case Study at the Jiangxifen Site in Yunnan

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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The study of human dietary structures is an effective means of elucidating the subsistence patterns of our prehistoric ancestors and can highlight the processes through which humans interacted with the environment. We conducted stable isotope and archeobotanical analyses of human, animal, and plant remains at the Jiangxifen site, dated to ~900–400 BC, to explore human paleodiets and determine the environmental adaptation strategies adopted by humans in the middle valley of the Jinshajiang River in Yunnan Province. Humans predominantly consumed C4 foods (e.g., millet) and C4 food-fed animal protein sources, with smaller contributions from C3 food plants (e.g., rice) and C3 food-fed animal protein sources. We argued that the local dry-hot environment was the reason for the accessibility of C4 plants in the studied area. A comparison of our results with previously published archeobotanical data and isotopic evidence from human bones in other Bronze Age sites in Yunnan Province revealed high spatial variability in diets of human and subsistence strategies during this period. These differences were caused by the highly varying living environment of each region, which was related to fragmentation resulting from the geomorphological features of Yunnan Province.

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Two-season agriculture and irrigated rice during the Dian: radiocarbon dates and archaeobotanical remains from Dayingzhuang, Yunnan, Southwest China

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Genome Analysis Traces Regional Dispersal of Rice in Taiwan and Southeast Asia

Genome Analysis Traces Regional Dispersal of Rice in Taiwan and Southeast Asia

Understanding the transport networks complex between South Asia, Southeast Asia and China during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age

Environmental Influences on Human Subsistence Strategies in Southwest China During the Bronze Age: A Case Study at the Jiangxifen Site in Yunnan

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