Two-step quantum direct communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block

Deng, Fu‐Guo; Long, Gui Lu; Liu, Xiao-Shu

doi:10.1103/physreva.68.042317

Cited by 1,554 publications

(771 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…First, Alice takes measurement on the photon in her hand with signal-photon detector and the state is 0 supposing that the quantum state of the photon in the hand of Alice is 0 , which is similar to that in [21]. Then the state of the system composed of Bob's photon is 00 01 00 01 0, 0 0 1 0, 1, ,…”

Section: The Security Analysis Of the Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The QSDC protocol can also be used in some special environments such as the environment proposed by Boström et al [28] and Deng et al [21]. In [28], Boström and Felbinger presented a famous QSDC protocol which is called "ping-pong" protocol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many people are interested in researching QSDC, and many protocols like QSDC have already been proposed, including the protocols without using entanglement [18], the protocols using entanglement [19,20] and the two-way QSDC protocols [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The QSDC protocol can also be used in some special environments such as the environment proposed by Boström et al [28] and Deng et al [21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simplicity, we suppose that the protocol presented in [21] is shortened as DPP and the improved protocol in this paper is shortened as FPP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Improved eavesdropping detection strategy based on four-particle cluster state in quantum direct communication protocol

Jin

Jing

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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In order to improve the eavesdropping detection efficiency in a two-step quantum direct communication protocol, an improved eavesdropping detection strategy using the four-particle cluster state is proposed, in which the four-particle cluster state is used to detect eavesdroppers. During the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively using the constraint between the information that the eavesdropper can obtain and the interference that has been introduced. If the eavesdroppers intend to obtain all information, the eavesdropping detection rate of the original two-step quantum direct communication protocol using EPR pair block as detection particles will be 50%; while the proposed strategy's detection rate will be 75%. In the end, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results show that the eavesdropping detection strategy presented is more secure. The goal of researching cryptography is to ensure that the secret message is only available to the two authorized parties of the communication and that the transmission will be altered. So far, it is trusted that the only proven secure cryptosystem is the one-time-pad scheme in which the secret key is as long as the message. The two parties staying far apart who want to transmit their secret message must distribute the secret key first. However it is difficult to distribute the secret key securely through a classical channel. The quantum key distribution (QKD), whose task is to create a secret key between two remote authorized users, is one of the most remarkable applications of quantum mechanics and the only proven protocol for secure key distribution. Since Bennett and Brassard presented the pioneer QKD protocol (BB84 protocol) [1] in 1984, a lot of quantum information security processing methods have been advanced, such as quantum teleportation [2][3][4][5][6][7], quantum dense coding [8][9][10], quantum secret sharing [11,12] and so on.In recent years, a novel concept, quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) [13,14] was put forward and studied by some groups. Different from the key distribution whose object is to establish a common random key between two parties, the secure direct communication is to transmit important message directly without establishing a random key to encrypt them first. Thus, the secure direct communication is more demanding on the security. As a secure direct communication, it must satisfy two requirements. First, the secure message should be read out directly by the legitimate user Bob when he receives the quantum states and no additional classical information is needed after the transmission of particles. Second, the secret message which has been encoded already in the quantum states should not leak even though an eavesdropper may get hold of the channel. That is to say, the eavesdropper cannot only be detected but also obtains blind results. As classical message can be copied fully, it is impossible to transmit secret message direct...

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Section: The Security Analysis Of the Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simplicity, we suppose that the protocol presented in [21] is shortened as DPP and the improved protocol in this paper is shortened as FPP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improved eavesdropping detection strategy based on four-particle cluster state in quantum direct communication protocol

Jin

Jing

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…In 2002, Long and Liu [14] proposed the first quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol with a block of two-photon systems in Bell states. It was detailed in the two-step QSDC protocol [15] and was generalized to the case with sing photons [16] and high-dimensional entangled quantum systems [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal multipartite entanglement concentration of electron-spin states based on charge detection and projection measurements

Ren

Wei

et al. 2013

Quantum Inf Process

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We propose an optimal entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for nonlocal N-electron systems in a partially entangled pure state, resorting to charge detection and the projection measurement on an additional electron. For each nonlocal N-electron system, one party in quantum communication, say Alice first entangles it with an additional electron, and then she projects the additional electron into an orthogonal basis for dividing the N-electron systems into two groups. In the first group, the N parties obtain a subset of N-electron systems in a maximally entangled state directly. In the second group, they obtain some less-entangled N-electron systems which are the resource for the entanglement concentration in the next round. By iterating the entanglement concentration process several times, the present ECP has the maximal success probability, the theoretical limit of an ECP as it just equals to the entanglement of the partially entangled state, far higher than others, without resorting to a collective unitary evolution.

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Mediated Semi‐Quantum Key Distribution Without Invoking Quantum Measurement

Liu

Hwang

2018

Annalen der Physik

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This paper proposes a new semi‐quantum key distribution protocol, allowing two “classical” participants without sophisticated quantum capability to establish a shared secret key under an untrusted third party (a quantum server). The proposed protocol is free from several well‐known attacks. Furthermore, the efficiency is better than the existing three‐party SQKD protocol in which the classical participants must have the quantum measurement capability.

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Two-step quantum direct communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block

Cited by 1,554 publications

References 34 publications

Improved eavesdropping detection strategy based on four-particle cluster state in quantum direct communication protocol

Improved eavesdropping detection strategy based on four-particle cluster state in quantum direct communication protocol

Optimal multipartite entanglement concentration of electron-spin states based on charge detection and projection measurements

Mediated Semi‐Quantum Key Distribution Without Invoking Quantum Measurement

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