Two-/Three-Dimensional Perovskite Bilayer Thin Films Post-Treated with Solvent Vapor for High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics

Abstract

Perovskite photovoltaics (PPVs) using three-dimensional (3D) perovskites incorporated with two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have drawn great concentration in both academic and industrial sectors. Here, we report high performance of PPVs based on the 2D/3D perovskite bilayer thin film post-annealed with solvent vapor. The 2D/3D perovskite bilayer thin film post-annealed with solvent vapor possesses enlarged crystal size and crystallinity and blue-shifted photoluminescence compared to a 3D MAPbI 3 thin film. Moreover, compared to the PPVs based on a 3D perovskite thin film, enlarged built-in potential, suppressed charge carrier recombination, boosted charge transport, and reduced charge carrier extraction time are observed from the PPVs based on the 2D/3D perovskite bilayer thin film post-annealed with solvent vapor. As a result, perovskite solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 22.13% and dramatically enhanced stability, and perovskite photodetectors show a photoresponsivity of 1.38 AW −1 , detectivity of 6.52 × 10 14 cm Hz 1/2 W −1 , and linear dynamic range of over 167 dB at room temperature. These results demonstrate that we develop a simple method to approach high-performance PPVs by the 2D/3D perovskite bilayer thin film.

High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics by Heterovalent Substituted Mixed Perovskites

“…Such blue-shifted absorption and PL spectra are attributed to the quantum confinement of the 2D PEA 2 PbI 4 . [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] On the other hand, blue-shifted absorption and PL spectra further confirm the formation of the 2D:3D mixed perovskites. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]33] Nevertheless, no significant difference is observed in the steady-state PL spectra of these perovskite thin films.…”

“…A boosted stability observed from the PSCs based on the PEA 2 PbI 4 :MAPbI 3 thin film reveals that the 2D perovskites indeed play a very important role in preventing perovskites from moisture and air. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Moreover, superior stability observed from the PSCs based on the Nd 3+ -substituted PEA 2 PbI 4 :MAPbI 3 thin film indicates that the substitution of Pb 2+ by heterovalent Nd 3+ could restrict the ion migration and suppress defects within the resultant perovskites, resulting in boosted stability of perovskites.…”

“…[1][2][3]10,11] To defeat this issue, large-sized organic hydrophobic cations, such as phenethylamine (PEA) and 1,4-butanediamine (BEA + ) were used to replace small organic hydrophilic methylammonium (MA + ) or formamidinium (FA + ) cations to create 2D perovskites for approaching stable PPVs. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Various insulating organic spacers have been utilized to create 2D perovskites, and high-performance PPVs based on the 2D perovskites have been reported. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Li et al reported a PCE of 17.39% from the PSCs fabricated by the BEA-based 2D perovskites.…”

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Various insulating organic spacers have been utilized to create 2D perovskites, and high-performance PPVs based on the 2D perovskites have been reported. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Li et al reported a PCE of 17.39% from the PSCs fabricated by the BEA-based 2D perovskites. [24] Loi et al reported a responsivity (R) of 149 AW −1 and a projected detectivity (D*) of 2 × 10 12 cm Hz 1/2 W −1 (Jones) from the PPDs based on the PEA 2 PbI 4 /MAPbI 3 bilayer thin film.…”

“…[25] However, insulating organic cations-based 2D perovskites possessed poor charge transport, which restricts the device performance of PPVs. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] To circumvent this problem, conjugated organic molecules as the organic spacers were used to create 2D perovskites. [29][30][31][32][33][34] For example, we demonstrated high-performance PPVs based on the 2D:3D mixed perovskites, where 2D perovskites were based on conjugated organic molecules, 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-amine and 4-fluorobenzylammonium.…”