Two type IV pili of<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>play different roles in biofilm formation

Shime-Hattori, Akiko; Iida, Tetsuya; Arita, Michiko; Park, Kwon-Sam; Kodama, Takao; Honda, Takeshi

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00438.x

Cited by 104 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To verify that these gene deletions did not have a polar effect on neighboring genes, biofilm formation was performed. Type IV pilus mutants had biofilm defects similar to those of previous reports (12), and the type I pilus mutant also had similar defects in biofilm formation; complementation restored these mutants to wild-type levels (data not shown). These depuration results are consistent with what was observed in V. vulnificus, where loss of pilA and pilD resulted in a decrease in bacteria recovered from the tissues of C. virginica compared with that recovered from the wild type (10).…”

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confidence: 76%

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Persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Is a Multifactorial Process Involving Pili and Flagella but Not Type III Secretion Systems or Phase Variation

Aagesen

Phuvasate

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus can resist oyster depuration, suggesting that it possesses specific factors for persistence. We show that type I pili, type IV pili, and both flagellar systems contribute to V. parahaemolyticus persistence in Pacific oysters whereas type III secretion systems and phase variation do not.T he genus Vibrio consists of a group of bacteria that naturally inhabit aquatic environments worldwide. The human pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus is commonly found associated with shellfish, particularly oysters (1, 2). Depuration is a controlled process in which shellfish are placed into clean seawater to reduce the bacterial contaminants in their tissues. However, depuration is not very effective at reducing the numbers of V. parahaemolyticus cells in oysters (3), and little is known about the association of V. parahaemolyticus with oysters.Both type I and type IV pili are important for bacterial attachment to a variety of surfaces (4-6). V. parahaemolyticus encodes a homologue of type I pili that is most similar to the CsuA/B operon from Acinetobacter baumannii (7) and homologues of two wellstudied type IV pili from vibrios, the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) and the chitin-regulated pilus (PilA) (http://img .jgi.doe.gov/) (8, 9). Vibrio vulnificus uses PilA for persistence in Crassostrea virginica (10, 11). Both type IV pili are involved in biofilm formation in V. parahaemolyticus (12). Flagella are often critical during early stages of bacterial colonization of a surface (13,14). V. parahaemolyticus possesses a single, polar flagellum used for movement in liquid (reviewed in reference 14) as well as peritrichous (lateral) flagella for surface movement (15-17 and reviewed in reference 18). Many bacterial pathogens use type III secretion systems (T3SSs) for survival in the host by injecting virulence factors directly into the host. V. parahaemolyticus encodes two T3SSs that exhibit different phenotypes during disease (19)(20)(21). V. parahaemolyticus also exhibits "phase variation" and can switch from an opaque (OP) to a translucent (TR) phenotype based on polysaccharide production (22). In this study, we examined the role of V. parahaemolyticus pili, flagella, phase variation, and T3SSs in persistence in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.Oysters were collected from Oregon Oyster Farm (Newport, OR) and exposed to ϳ10 5 CFU/ml of V. parahaemolyticus for 16 to 18 h at room temperature (ϳ20°C) with a recirculating pump. Algae were added to the tank to facilitate uptake according to the manufacturer's recommendation (Phytoplex; Kent Marine). Depuration was conducted at 19 to 20°C for 48 to 72 h. At each time point, animals from each exposure tank were weighed, homogenized, and diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for enumeration on tryptic soy agar (TSA) supplemented with 1.5% NaCl and either 100 g/ml streptomycin, 60 g/ml chloramphenicol, 10 g/ml phosphomycin, or 50 g/ml kanamycin, depending on the strain (see Table S1 in the supplemental material), to eliminate naturally occurring bac...

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confidence: 76%

“…Vibrio vulnificus uses PilA for persistence in Crassostrea virginica (10,11). Both type IV pili are involved in biofilm formation in V. parahaemolyticus (12). Flagella are often critical during early stages of bacterial colonization of a surface (13,14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Is a Multifactorial Process Involving Pili and Flagella but Not Type III Secretion Systems or Phase Variation

Aagesen

Phuvasate

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This represented approximately 2% (7%), 13% (23%), and 12% (26%) of the coding sequences analyzed. One hundred three (225) genes were universally up-regulated at all three incubation times, and an additional 16 (43) and 262 (403) up-regulated genes were common to the 4/24-h and 24/72-h incubation times, respectively. Conversely, 28 (40), 182 (316), and 322 (516) genes were uniquely up-regulated in the three individual incubation periods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional and Physiological Responses of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to Desiccation-Induced Stress

et al. 2007

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The growth and persistence of rhizobia and bradyrhizobia in soils are negatively impacted by drought conditions. In this study, we used genome-wide transcriptional analyses to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the response of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to drought. Desiccation of cells resulted in the differential expression of 15 to 20% of the 8,480 B. japonicum open reading frames, with considerable differentiation between early (after 4 h) and late (after 24 and 72 h) expressed genes. While 225 genes were universally up-regulated at all three incubation times in response to desiccation, an additional 43 and 403 up-regulated genes were common to the 4/24-and 24/72-h incubation times, respectively. Desiccating conditions resulted in the significant induction (>2.0-fold) of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase (otsA), trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (otsB), and trehalose synthase (treS) genes, which encode two of the three trehalose synthesis pathways found in B. japonicum. Gene induction was correlated with an elevated intracellular concentration of trehalose and increased activity of trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase, collectively supporting the hypothesis that this disaccharide plays a prominent and important role in promoting desiccation tolerance in B. japonicum. Microarray data also indicated that 54 -and 24 -associated transcriptional regulators and genes encoding isocitrate lyase, oxidative stress responses, the synthesis and transport of exopolysaccharides, heat shock response proteins, enzymes for the modification and repair of nucleic acids, and the synthesis of pili and flagella are also involved in the response of B. japonicum to desiccation. Polyethylene glycol-generated osmotic stress induced significantly fewer genes than those transcriptionally activated by desiccation. However, 67 genes were commonly induced under both conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that B. japonicum directly responds to desiccation by adapting to changes imparted by reduced water activity, such as the synthesis of trehalose and polysaccharides and, secondarily, by the induction of a wide variety of proteins involved in protection of the cell membrane, repair of DNA damage, stability and integrity of proteins, and oxidative stress responses.Symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is often strongly inhibited in arid and semiarid soils due to the poor survival of rhizobia and bradyrhizobia under desiccation stress (27). Rhizobium strains were shown to be sensitive to desiccation both in soils and peat cultures (53) and on seed surfaces (47, 49). Although several drought-tolerant soybean cultivars have been selected and are currently in use (46), the absence of corresponding drought-tolerant Bradyrhizobium strains limits BNF. While several studies showed the influence of drought conditions on the survival of rhizobia in culture, many of these used changes in external solute concentrations, salts and sugars, to indirectly influence water potential (32). However, since many of the solutes examined are per...

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“…According to the morphologic characteristics, components, and functions, bacterial pili can be divided into different types. Among them, type IV pili is the most important, as it has been shown to mediate an extraordinary array of functions, including adhesion, motility, microcolony formation, secretion of proteases and colonization factors, and biofilm formation, among others (Shime-Hattori et al, 2006). MSHA is a member of the family of type IV pili, which had been suggested to be involved in attachment to the abiotic surface and is required for adhesion and biofilm formation in other bacteria (Watnich and Kolter, 1999;Hadi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of MshQ in MSHA pili biosynthesis and biofilm formation of Aeromonas hydrophila

Qin¹,

Yan²,

Mao³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Biofilm formation of pathogen bacterium is currently one of the most widely studied topics; however, little is known regarding pathogen bacteria biofilms in aquaculture. Aeromonas hydrophila is a representative species of the genus Aeromonas, which has been recognized as a common pathogen, is associated with many diseases in aquatic animals, and causes significant mortality. The objectives of this study are i) to confirm that A. hydrophila can form biofilms on abiotic substrates and construct a biofilm growth curve for this bacterium; ii) to identify the genes that play crucial roles in A. hydrophila biofilm formation. The biofilm growth curve of A. hydrophila was constructed using a crystal violet assay, which showed that biofilm formation for this bacterium is a dynamic process. Next, a mutant library of pathogenic A. hydrophila B11 was constructed using the mini-Tn10 transposon mutagenesis system. A total of 861 mutants were screened, and 5 mutants were stably deficient in biofilm formation. Molecular analysis of the mutant B112 revealed that the open reading frame that encodes the protein MshQ was disrupted. Comparison of biological characteristics including growth, motility, and adhesion between the 8983 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (4): 8982-8996 (2014) MshQ in pili biosynthesis and biofilm formation mutant B112 and the wild-type strain B11 suggested that MshQ is necessary for mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus biosynthesis of A. hydrophila, and that these pili play crucial roles in A.hydrophila adherence to a solid surface during the early stages of biofilm formation.

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Two type IV pili ofVibrio parahaemolyticusplay different roles in biofilm formation

Cited by 104 publications

References 30 publications

Persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Is a Multifactorial Process Involving Pili and Flagella but Not Type III Secretion Systems or Phase Variation

Persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Is a Multifactorial Process Involving Pili and Flagella but Not Type III Secretion Systems or Phase Variation

Transcriptional and Physiological Responses of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to Desiccation-Induced Stress

Role of MshQ in MSHA pili biosynthesis and biofilm formation of Aeromonas hydrophila

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