“…The literature contains numerous examples of techniques that have been developed to characterize optical anisotropy (Inoué, 2007; Shribak and Oldenbourg, 2003; Xia et al, in press). Some require polarization‐analyzing optics, including polarizers, rotators, and retarders (Hartshorne and Stuart, 1970; Hutsel et al, 2009; Montarou et al, 2006) or other polarimetric methods (Oka and Kaneko, 2003; Oldenbourg and Mei, 1995; Shribak and Oldenbourg, 2003). Others involve more complex interferometric methods, whereby the retardation is determined from an intensity pattern obtained through the interference of two beams with a beam passing through the specimen (Colomb et al, 2005; El‐Diasty, 1999; Hitzenberger et al, 2001).…”