Type 2 Diabetes-Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment

Burns, Carrie; Sirisena, Imali

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_34-1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Type 1 diabetes results from failure of pancreatic insulin secretion caused by autoimmune reaction. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, which is the consequence of defects including insulin resistance of peripheral tissues, augmented hepatic glucose production, abnormal islet β‐cell function and dysfunction of the incretin system . Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing serious comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coumarins as potential antidiabetic agents

Yao

2017

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

155

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Objectives Even with great advances in modern medicine and therapeutic agent development, the search for effective antidiabetic drugs remains challenging. Coumarins are secondary metabolites found widely in nature plants and used mainly in anticoagulation and antithrombotic therapy. Over the past two decades, however, there has been an increasing body of literatures related to the effects of coumarins and their derivatives on diabetes and its complications. This review aimed to focus on research findings concerning the effects of coumarins against diabetes and its complications using in-vitro and in-vivo animal models, and also to discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Key findings The search for new coumarins against diabetes and it complications, either isolated from traditional medicine or chemically synthesized, has been constantly expanding. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved include protecting pancreatic beta cells from damage, improving abnormal insulin signalling, reducing oxidative stress/inflammation, activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibiting a-glucosidases and ameliorating diabetic complications. Conclusions The effects and mechanisms of coumarins and their derivatives upon diabetes and its complications are discussed in current review. Further investigations remain to be carried out to develop a promising antidiabetic agent based on coumarin cores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coumarins as potential antidiabetic agents

Yao

2017

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

155

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“…The etiology of T2DM is multifactorial. A wide range of risk factors such as genetics, obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking is defined as the main causes of T2DM (Burns & Sirisena, 2016;Payahoo, Khajebishak, Jafarabadi, & Ostadrahimi, 2018). β-Cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the two main precursors to T2DM incidence and related complications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pomegranate seed oil supplementation on the GLUT‐4 gene expression and glycemic control in obese people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Khajebishak

Payahoo

Alivand

et al. 2019

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Abnormality in glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) function and insulin secretion are the main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Due to adverse effects of antidiabetic drugs, nowadays, nutraceuticals have been of much interest to investigators. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on the GLUT-4 gene expression and glycemic control in obese people with T2DM. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 52 obese type 2 diabetic patients for 8 weeks in Tabriz, Iran, in 2018. Patients were divided into the intervention group (n = 26; who consumed daily three capsules containing 1 g PSO) and the placebo group (n = 26; the same amounts paraffin). GLUT-4 gene expression and glycemic indices were evaluated by standard methods. GLUT-4 gene expression was increased significantly in the PSO group. Within-group changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were significant in the PSO group. After adjusting the age, gender, and baseline values, FBS was significantly decreased. Insulin concentration, HbA1C, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β did not manifest significant changes. PSO increased the GLUT-4 gene expression in diabetic patients without any side effects. However, future clinical studies are needed to confirm the obtained results.

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“…Prediabetes is associated with the presence of insulin resistance and βcell dysfunction. These abnormalities start before glucose changes are detectable (2) . The high risk for developing diabetes is related to two states; impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 5.7-6.9 mmol/L in the absence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and to IGT (defined as postload plasma glucose of 7.8-11.0 mmol/L based on 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of N-Acetyl-Cysteine (Nac) Administration on Glucose Homeostasis Parameters in Prediabetic Patients

Raghif¹,

Yaseen²,

Dawood³

2018

IraqiJMS

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Background: Prediabetes is determined on the bases of glycemic parameters, which are above normal but below diabetic thresholds. Prediabetes is associated with the presence of insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), as a safe and inexpensive medication, is commercially accessible since long-time ago. This drug is not found in natural sources, although cysteine is present in some meals like chicken and turkey meats, garlic, yogurt, and eggs. NAC prevents apoptosis and oxygen related genotoxicity in endothelial cells by increasing intracellular levels of glutathione and decreasing mitochondrial membrane depolarization reaction. Objective: To evaluate the effects of NAC administration on glucose homeostasis parameters in prediabetic patients. Methods: This study included, 25 patients treated with dietary control and life style modifications for 12 weeks, 25 patients treated with NAC (600 mg) oral tablets twice daily plus dietary control and life style modifications for 12 weeks. Other 20 in addition to 50 patients to have an idea about the normal values of study parameters and in order to assess how much the drug used in the study were able to normalize the abnormal parameters. Results: NAC demonstrated a significant decrease in the fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, fasting Insulin and insulin resistance at the end of 12 weeks (P<0.05) compared with baseline measurements. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that N-acetyl cysteine has an effective effect on glycemic control. Keywords: Prediabetes , N-acetyl cysteine , glycemic control Citation: Abu Raghif AR, Yaseen YA, Dawood MH. Effects of N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) administration on glucose homeostasis parameters in prediabetic patients. Iraqi JMS. 2018; 16(4): 393-399. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.4.6

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Type 2 Diabetes-Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment

Cited by 4 publications

References 81 publications

Coumarins as potential antidiabetic agents

Coumarins as potential antidiabetic agents

Effect of pomegranate seed oil supplementation on the GLUT‐4 gene expression and glycemic control in obese people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Effects of N-Acetyl-Cysteine (Nac) Administration on Glucose Homeostasis Parameters in Prediabetic Patients

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