Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Nepal from 2000 to 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Shrestha, Dhan Bahadur; Budhathoki, Pravash; Sedhai, Yub Raj; Marahatta, Achyut; Lamichhane, Samit; Nepal, Sarbin; Adhikari, Anurag; Poudel, Ayusha; Nepal, Samata; Atreya, Alok

doi:10.12688/f1000research.53970.2

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The second largest prevalence of diabetes was found in South East Asia [ 2 ]. The prevalence of diabetes in Nepal was 10% as per systematic review and meta-analysis [ 3 ] which was higher than reported in a study conducted in 2020 [ 4 ]. Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) is the third highest risk factor for global premature mortality [ 5 ] causing 6.7 million deaths in 2021 [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors Associated with Medication Adherence among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Nepal

Shakya

Shrestha

Morisky

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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As diabetes increases globally, high mortality increases due to complications of uncontrolled sugar. Medication adherence is important to control blood sugar and prevent its complications. Objective of the study was to identify factors associated with medication adherence among type 2 diabetes patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 patients visiting Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal, for their fasting blood sugar test from September to December 2016. Inclusion criteria: patients with type 2 diabetes, under diabetes medication for past three months (minimum), age ≥ 18 years. The outcome of the study was medication adherence measured using the eight-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) (© 2006 Donald E. Morisky). Multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis. Results showed that 61% of respondents had high medication adherence; adherence was positively associated with formal education [AOR: 2.43 (95% CI: 1.34, 4.39)] and attendance at diabetes counseling [AOR: 1.76 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.04)] after adjusting for age, occupation, medicine intake duration and diabetes medicine types. The study concluded that formal education and attendance at diabetes counseling positively affected patients’ adherence to medicine. We encourage healthcare institutions to provide counseling services to all the patients with type 2 diabetes and focus more on those who are less educated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors Associated with Medication Adherence among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Nepal

Shakya

Shrestha

Morisky

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…5 A systematic review from 2021 based on publications from 2000 to 2020 noted the pooled prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nepal at 10% with a higher prevalence observed in studies published between the years 2015 and 2020, which was at 11.24%. 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and depression among people with type 2 diabetes visiting diabetes clinics of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression and identify the associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) visiting diabetes clinics of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThree diabetes clinics in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal, from May to July 2021.Participants283 people with T2DM visiting selected diabetes centres of Pokhara Metropolitan.Outcome measuresAnxiety and depression were the outcome measures. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire comprising information related to participants’ sociodemographic profile and several factors along with Hospital Anxiety and Depression-Anxiety subscale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess the levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. Pearson’s Χ2tests and binary logistic regression were performed to examine association between dependent and independent variables at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety and depression was 31.4% (95% CI 26.2% to 37.5%) and 36.4% (95% CI 30.8% to 42.0%), respectively. Anxiety was found to be associated with a lower level of perceived social support (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.442, 95% CI 1.020 to 5.845), multiple complications (AOR 2.758, 95% CI 1.015 to 7.334) and comorbidities (AOR 2.110, 95% CI 1.004 to 4.436), severe COVID-19 fear (AOR 2.343, 95% CI 1.123 to 4.887) and sleep dissatisfaction (AOR 1.912, 95% CI 1.073 to 3.047). Economical dependency (AOR 1.890, 95% CI 1.026 to 3.482), no insurance (AOR 2.973, 95% CI 1.134 to 7.093), lower perceived social support (AOR 2.883, 95% CI 1.158 to 7.181), multiple complications (AOR 2.308, 95% CI 1.585 to 6.422) and comorbidities (AOR 2.575, 95% CI 1.180 to 5.617), severe COVID-19 fear (AOR 2.117, 95% CI 1.009 to 4.573), alcohol use (AOR 2.401, 95% CI 1.199 to 4.806) and sleep dissatisfaction (AOR 1.995, 95% CI 1.093 to 3.644) were found to be associated with depression.ConclusionThis study showed high prevalence levels of anxiety and depression among people with T2DM. Strengthening social support and focusing on people with diabetes suffering from comorbidity and complications could help to reduce their risk of mental health problems.

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“…5 Additionally, the prevalence of predisposing risk factors for major cardiac events, such as diabetes and hypertension, has also been rising. 6,7 Due to these factors, OHCA poses a significant burden on health care in Nepal, and this is estimated to rise as the population ages. 5 If performed within the first few minutes, CPR can increase the chance of survival for an OHCA victim by nearly 2-to 3-fold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Training Program on Hands-Only CPR and Choking First Aid for Frontline Police Responders in Rural Nepal

Thapa,

Sapkota,

Thapa

et al. 2024

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Introduction Basic life support (BLS) is an emergency skill that includes performing appropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is rising in Nepal. After an OHCA event, a bystander starting CPR quickly has been shown to increase the survival rate. While the Nepali police are generally the first responders to emergencies in rural parts, they are not trained in BLS. This program assesses a pilot training of hands-only CPR and choking first aid to the Nepal Police and Nepal Army participants in rural Nepal. Methods A community-based nonprofit organization, HAPSA-Nepal, coordinated with local government to pilot this program. The program included pre- and post-tests, lectures, videos, and small group hands-on exercises; facilitators included faculty emergency physicians, residents, and medical officers. Structured pre- andp post-test questionnaires, confidence surveys, and skills checklists were conducted. Descriptive analysis examined the respondent's characteristics, and paired t-test was used to compare pretest and post-test scores. Results A total of 126 participants received the training in this pilot phase. Prior to this training, 98.4% of the participants had not received any CPR training, and 100% of the participants had not received training on first aid for choking. The average pretest score was 4.4 with 95% CI ± 1.75, and the average post-test score was 8.06 with 95% CI ± 1.73 (out of a total of 11). All participants passed the skills assessment. Conclusions Locally adapted BLS training programs that included hands-only CPR and choking first aid showed a significant knowledge gain and skills competence among the frontline participants.

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Nepal from 2000 to 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Factors Associated with Medication Adherence among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Nepal

Factors Associated with Medication Adherence among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Nepal

Anxiety and depression among people with type 2 diabetes visiting diabetes clinics of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Pilot Training Program on Hands-Only CPR and Choking First Aid for Frontline Police Responders in Rural Nepal

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