Type IV Hypersensitivity in the Pathogenesis of FIPV‐Induced Lesions

Paltrinieri, Saverio; Parodi, M. Cammarata; Cammarata, G.; Mambretti, Manuela

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1998.tb00778.x

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This finding corresponds to the presumed role of activated B lymphocytes in the development of the clinical picture and morphological lesions associated with FIP (Goitsuka et al 1987(Goitsuka et al , 1988(Goitsuka et al , 1990Kipar et al 1998), and the involvement of III rd hypersensitivity type in the pathogenesis (Paltrinieri et al 1998b). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In such cases, pyogranulomatous lesions develop in various organs, on the omentum and on serous membranes. Results of immunohistological analyses and detailed examination of blood proteins indicate that the pathogenesis of FIP corresponds, to a considerable extent, to the pattern of III rd and IV th type of hypersensitivity (Pedersen and Boyle 1980;W eiss et al 1980;Pedersen 1987;Paltrinieri et al 1998b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Cats Affected by Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Knotek¹,

Toman²,

Faldyna³

2000

Acta Vet. Brno

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A set of 180 hospitalized or outdoor feline patients was examined for the presence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (FeCoV) and clinical signs of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The numbers of serologically and clinically positive cats were 55 (30.6%) and 35, respectively. The effusive and noneffusive forms of FIP were diagnosed in 24 and 11 animals, respectively. The most apparent signs, irrespective of the form of infection, included anorexia, lethargy, ischemic mucosae, and undernutrition. Hematological and immunological profiles of 14 FIP patients were compared with those found in a control group of 36 clinically normal and FeCoV-negative animals. A significant increase in the number of neutrophilic granulocytes was observed in the FIP patients (FIV-/FeLVcats with effusive form) and a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes were observed in the FIP patients. Eosinopenia was also found in patients affected by the effusive form. No alteration of the phagocytic activity (ingestion of particles, chemiluminiscence) due to FIP was demonstrable. The blastic transformation test (stimulation with Con A, PHA, or PWM) showed a marked decrease in the activity of lymphocytes in the FIP patients. Concentrations of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes were increased in the affected animals. The expression of the lymphocyte surface antigens CD4, CD5, CD8, and CD21 was studied in a selected subgroup of the patients using flow cytometry. The results indicate an impairment of the activity of the immune system due to FIP. Therefore, treatment of FIP with immunosuppressive drugs is considered inappropriate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Cats Affected by Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Knotek¹,

Toman²,

Faldyna³

2000

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…CD4+ cells tended to be more numerous than CD8+ cells in type B lesions, providing some support for the notion of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of FIP (Paltrinieri et al, 1998b). The same predominance of CD4+ cells over CD8+ cells in FIP granulomas was reported by Paltrinieri et al (1998a), who used a different panel of monoclonal antibodies. A further indication of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction is the presence of multinucleated giant cells in type B lesions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Cellular composition and interferon-γ expression of the local inflammatory response in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)

Berg

Ekman

Belák

et al. 2005

Veterinary Microbiology

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important viral diseases of cats. International studies estimate that approximately 80% of all purebred cats are infected with the causative agent, feline coronavirus (FCoV). Out of these, 5-12% develop clinical symptoms of FIP. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex with many unresolved issues relating to the role of the immune system. The aim of the present study was to determine the proportions of various inflammatory cell types in FIP lesions by using a panel of cat specific, thoroughly validated, monoclonal antibodies. In addition, the expression of interferon-gamma within the inflammatory lesions was examined by RT-PCR. Our results confirm the mixed nature of the inflammatory reaction in FIP, involving B cells and plasma cells as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, one cell type stands out as being the key element in both the "wet" and "dry" forms of FIP: the macrophage. Upregulation of IFN-gamma expression within the inflammatory lesions suggests a local activation of macrophages, which might result in increased viral replication.

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“…Furthermore, interactions of macrophages with probiotic bacteria lead to increased antiviral response against vesicular stomatitis virus in vitro (Ivec et al, 2007). Since FIP is the result of type III or IV hypersensitivity reaction (Pedersen and Boyle, 1980;Paltrinieri et al, 1989), it is tempting to speculate that the mature immune system of non-SPF cats predisposes these animals to development of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant feline coronaviruses as vaccine candidates confer protection in SPF but not in conventional cats

Bálint

Farsang

Szeredi

et al. 2014

Veterinary Microbiology

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Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a major pathogen of Felidae. Despite the extensive efforts taken in the past decades, development of the "ideal" live attenuated FIPV vaccine was not successful yet. In the present study, we provide data of immunisation experiments with a recombinant FCoV pair differing only in the truncation (PBFIPV-DF-2) or completion (PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i) of their ORF3abc regions. In our previous in vivo studies, these viruses proved to show the characters of low virulent or avirulent FCoV phenotypes, respectively. Therefore, we hypothesised the ability of these viruses, as possible vaccine candidates, in conferring protection in specific pathogen free (SPF) Domestic Shorthair as well as in conventional purebred British Shorthair cats. In SPF cats, after two oronasal and two intramuscular vaccinations with two weeks intervals, both vaccine candidates provided 100% protection against lethal homologous challenge with the highly virulent FIPV DF-2 strain. In contrast, the conventional purebred British Shorthair cats did not develop protection when they were immunised with the same vaccination regimes. In these groups 100% of the PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i immunised animals developed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Prolonged survival was observed in 40% of the animals, while 60% showed fulminant disease course. Genetic and more probably immunological differences between the SPF and non-SPF purebred kittens can explain the different outcome of the vaccination experiment. Our data highlight the diverse immune responses between SPF and conventional cats and suggest a decisive role of previous infection by heterologous causative agents in the outcome of the vaccination against FIP.

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Type IV Hypersensitivity in the Pathogenesis of FIPV‐Induced Lesions

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Cats Affected by Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Cats Affected by Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Cellular composition and interferon-γ expression of the local inflammatory response in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)

Recombinant feline coronaviruses as vaccine candidates confer protection in SPF but not in conventional cats

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