Type IV Longus Pilus of Enterotoxigenic
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            : Occurrence and Association with Toxin Types and Colonization Factors among Strains Isolated in Argentina

Pichel, Mariana; Binsztein, Norma; Qadri, Firdausi; Girón, Jorge A.

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.2.694-697.2002

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This frequency is higher than those described for strains from other geographic regions such as Bangladesh, Chile, and Argentina, where it varies from 8.5 to 28%, but it was similar to the ones identified for strains from Egypt (31%) and Mexico (36.5%) (6,12,18). lngA has mostly been associated in previous studies with ST-I-producing strains (40 to 64.4%), and this percentage is in agreement with the one found in the present study.…”

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confidence: 57%

“…In São Paulo, lngA was more prevalent among strains expressing CFA/I. Such an association was also found in ETEC strains isolated in Argentina (18). An association of CFs is not a common property of ETEC strains except for an association between CS6 and CFA/III, CS12, and CS22, but this association occurs at a low frequency.…”

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confidence: 73%

“…lngA was distributed among several serotypes of ST-producing strains, but a close association with CFA/I or CS6 production was also detected. In other regions of the world, the relationship between lngA, enterotoxin production, and CFs has mainly been associated with LT and ST production plus CFA/II and ST production and CFA/I production (6,12,18). Despite the relation of longus pili and the production of other CFs that have been identified, lngA also occurred in a relevant percentage (30.5%) of ETEC strains that lack CFs, suggesting that the longus pilus is a rather common antigen among the ETEC strains isolated in our community.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Harboring the Longus Pilus Gene in Brazil

et al. 2002

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confidence: 57%

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confidence: 73%

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Harboring the Longus Pilus Gene in Brazil

et al. 2002

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“…Longus, a bundle-forming, pilus, is comprised of CS21 units and appears to be more common in ST-producing strains [98,99]. Between 8% and 36% of ETEC isolates from different locations express the longus pilus, generally in conjunction with other CS antigens [100][101][102][103]. ETEC strains may possesses one or more nonfimbrial adhesins (recently reviewed by Fleckenstein et al [104]).…”

Section: Enteropathogenic E Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Uncertainties and Necessities

Okeke

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

127

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Diarrhea is a leading cause of illness and death, particularly in developing countries. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli, enterohemorrhaghic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) have been associated with diarrheal disease in different parts of Africa, particularly among young children, HIV-positive individuals, and visitors from abroad. Each of these E. coli pathotypes uses distinct mechanisms, which are only partially understood, to colonize infected hosts and produce diarrhea. All known diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes have been reported from diverse locations within Africa but the true burden from these pathogens is unknown because very few studies seeking these organisms with discriminatory methodology have been performed. Recent reports implicate ETEC and EAEC in a considerable proportion of childhood and travellers' diarrheas and suggest that some sub-types of these categories may have greater epidemiological significance than others. The significant contribution of EHEC to bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome is underappreciated because diagnostic capacity for this pathotype is generally inferior to that for confounders such as Shigella and Entamoeba. Recent studies in Africa have revealed the worrisome emergence of antimicrobial resistance and high asymptomatic carriage rates for diarrheagenic E. coli but bacterial and host factors that predispose to disease, as well as non-human reservoirs, are largely unknown. Future diarrheal disease research needs to focus on broadening the repertoire of pathogens sought in epidemiological surveys to include multiple categories of diarrheagenic E. coli while building capacity to detect these pathogens in local reference laboratories.

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“…One of the ETEC putative colonization factors is Longus, a type IV pilus (T4P) composed of a 22-kDa major structural subunit designated LngA (11, 13), which is estimated to be encoded or expressed by 10 to 35% of ETEC strains (12,15,20,21). Antibodies reacting with LngA were found in stool from patients with ETEC infections (22).…”

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Genetic Diversity of the Gene Cluster Encoding Longus, a Type IV Pilus of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

et al. 2007

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains produce a type IV pilus named Longus. We identified a 16-gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of Longus that has 57 to 95% identity at the protein level to CFA/III, another type IV pilus of ETEC. Alleles of the Longus structural subunit gene lngA demonstrate a diversity of 12 to 19% at the protein level with strong positive selection for point replacements and horizontal transfer.Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries (5, 18), a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea (1, 14), and a re-emergent diarrheal pathogen in the United States (2, 35). One of the ETEC putative colonization factors is Longus, a type IV pilus (T4P) composed of a 22-kDa major structural subunit designated LngA (11, 13), which is estimated to be encoded or expressed by 10 to 35% of ETEC strains (12,15,20,21). Antibodies reacting with LngA were found in stool from patients with ETEC infections (22). LngA shares homology with the major subunit of various T4Ps (9, 13), including the toxin-coregulated pilin of Vibrio cholerae (29) and the bundle-forming pilin of enteropathogenic E. coli (10). The highest homology (79%) is shared by LngA with CofA, the major subunit of another T4P of ETEC-CFA/III pili (13,16,27). Here we identify the genes involved in the assembly and regulation of Longus and describe their genetic and evolutionary variability.Three plasmid libraries were constructed by partial restriction endonuclease digestion of the Longus-encoding virulence plasmid from ETEC strain E9034A. Plasmids were screened by PCR with lngA-derived primers and then other lng-specific primers (the plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1). The Longus gene cluster obtained from ETEC strain E9034A is 14 kb in length and contains 16 open reading frames. Fourteen genes share considerable homology, as well as cluster topology, with CFA/III genes and are thus designated, in homology with the cof cluster, lngR, lngS, lngT, lngA, lngB, lngC, lngD, lngE, lngF, lngG, lngH, lngI, lngJ, and lngP (Fig.

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Type IV Longus Pilus of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli : Occurrence and Association with Toxin Types and Colonization Factors among Strains Isolated in Argentina

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Harboring the Longus Pilus Gene in Brazil

Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Harboring the Longus Pilus Gene in Brazil

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Uncertainties and Necessities

Genetic Diversity of the Gene Cluster Encoding Longus, a Type IV Pilus of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

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