Types and sources of fuels for platelets in a medium containing minimal added fuels and a low carryover plasma

Abstract

Summary. The storage of platelets in synthetic media can result in plasma savings and reduced transfusion reactions. Accordingly, a wide range of storage formulations have been developed with the aim of replacing at least a proportion of the plasma in the storage medium. However, the concentrations and types of fuels in the carryover plasma, and the utilization of these fuels by platelets in storage, has not been investigated. We have developed a system which can measure total ATP turnover, and the contribution to total ATP turnover by the oxidation of various fuels and by lactate production, in a bag of partially purified platelets in a buffered saline with minimal carryover citrate phosphate double dextrose (CP2D) plasma.Carryover plasma was about 1% and the final platelet suspension contained, on average, 0 . 62 mM glucose, 9 . 6 mg/l free fatty acids, 32 mg/l triglycerides and 0 . 23 mM total amino acids. The oxidation of carbohydrate (glucose, glycogen and lactate) accounted for 60% of total ATP turnover. The platelets also produced lactate (<6% of total ATP turnover) and consumed free fatty acids and amino acids/proteins (15 . 2% of total ATP turnover). Therefore we have identified the fuels that account for about 80% of oxygen consumption and ATP turnover by platelets in a medium with low carryover plasma. The implications of these data for storage strategies are discussed.Keywords: platelet storage, fuel, plasma, oxygen.In the past 10 years, significant progress has been made in the development of practical and effective synthetic media for the blood bank storage of platelets, with the promise of considerable saving of plasma, fewer transfusion reactions and longer storage (Moroff & Holme, 1991;Kickler, 1991;Rock et al, 1985Rock et al, , 1991Adams & Rock, 1988;Murphy et al, 1995). A wide range of storage formulations have been developed, most of which are effective in replacing a proportion of the plasma, and good storage results have been reported with platelet additive solutions containing acetate Guppy et al, 1990;Whisson et al, 1993) and glucose (Holme et al, 1987b). However, there are still only minimal data on the potential contribution of the plasma to the fuels available in a minimal plasma medium, and on platelet utilization of these plasma-derived fuels. There are studies that shed some light on these questions, but most of the media used in these studies contain high contaminations (7-40%) of carryover plasma, and high-glucose-anticoagulant (resulting in glucose concentrations of 4-12 mM) which confound the results (e.g. et al, 1987b;Bertolini et al, 1992). The exceptions are the studies by Shimizu et al (1993) and Whisson et al (1993), in which the carryover plasma is about 1%. In addition, even when most of the plasma is removed, all of the studies above concentrate only on the effect of selected fuels on the viability and function of platelets, whereas other candidate fuels are ignored. Finally, few studies have measured total oxygen consumption and thus total ATP turnover, so it is impossi...

Metabolic Plasticity in Resting and Thrombin Activated Platelets

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Platelet storage performance is consistent by donor: a pilot study comparing “good” and “poor” storing platelets

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Extended storage of platelet‐rich plasma–prepared platelet concentrates in plasma or Plasmalyte

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