Types of Childhood Exposure to Violence and Association With Caregiver Trauma in Peru

Abstract

This study examined typologies of childhood polyvictimization and the associations of profiles with demographic characteristics at the levels of child, household, and primary caregiver. This study evaluated a sample of children aged 4 to 17 years residing in San Juan de Lurigancho District, an urban setting on the edge of Lima, Peru ( n = 384). An in-person interview of the primary caregiver of each child was conducted in June 2018, assessing the victimization of the child, the caregiver’s exposure to trauma and abuse, and general socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the household. Latent class analysis was used to identify typologies of child victimization. Follow-up analysis was conducted to quantify differences between the classes which emerged, in terms of the child, caregiver, and household. Five classes emerged: High Peer victimization, Moderate Community victimization; High Community victimization; Verbal Abuse; High victimization across domains; and Low victimization across domains. Caregiver exposure to trauma was positively associated with membership in the high-exposure classes. This study offers a unique opportunity to more deeply understand childhood exposure to violence in Latin America, specifically in an urban setting in Peru, and to further understand how childhood victimization is associated with various characteristics of the child, caregiver, and household. These findings could inform interventions supporting children and families at risk of exposure to violence in Peru or globally.

Childhood Trauma and Exposure to Violence Interventions: The Need for Effective and Feasible Evidence-Based Interventions

“…Healthcare practitioners must enhance their capacity to recognise and address mental health issues to secure future generations' well-being, using validated evidence for timely interventions [63]. Further research is essential to comprehensively understand caregiver and child victimisation [64]. This can enable social workers to collaborate with families and communities for effective interventions.…”

Factores asociados a la violencia psicológica y física familiar en adolescentes peruanos desde un enfoque ecológico

“…Respecto al microsistema, el presenciar frecuentemente peleas entre los padres expone a la violencia psicológica y física. Otros estudios llevados a cabo en el Perú confirman este hallazgo (26,27) , lo que permite corroborar la noción de la interconexión entre los diferentes tipos de violencia (23) . Es conocido que, en general, la violencia familiar es cíclica e intergeneracional (28) .…”

Sostenibilidad de la convivencia escolar mediante procesos educacionales artivistas aplicados en Perú / Sustainability of school coexistence through artivist educational processes applied in Peru

“…Algunos reportes de investigación han declarado que las conductas que generan la convivencia escolar, son aquellas que son influenciadas por actividades formativas cooperativas, con búsqueda de la reflexión constante (Colcord, et al, 2016;Gass, et al, 2016), como también se ha considerado fortalecer competencias como elemento formativo en el aula (Zembylas, 2011;Perales, Arias y Bazdresch, 2014;Forgiony-Santos, 2019;Cejas, et al 2019). Inclusive, en contextos extraescolares, existen necesidades afectivas representadas por los padres, de los hijos, aunque la cultura no sea la adecuada debido a la carga agresiva parental (Aubel, 2012;Guzmán, Miller-Graff y Scheid, 2020).…”