Typhoid: A Record of Cases in Sokoto, Nigeria

Ameh, IG; Opara, W. E. K.

doi:10.3923/pjbs.2004.1177.1180

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Drinking of infected water was mostly found to be a risk factor in acquisition of Salmonella infection in this study. At Sokoto State in Northern part of Nigeria, Ameh and Okpara [18] also discovered that drinking water was the most likely source of typhoid irrespective of the source (stream, pipe-borne, well and commercial water). Salmonella enterica was isolated at high rate from the well water, tank and pipe-borne water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of <i>Salmonella bacilli</i> through Carriers and Domestic Water Sources in Enugu Urban/Peri-Urban of Nigeria

Eleazar¹,

Philip²,

Ogeneh³

2015

AiM

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Salmonella bacilli infection has remained an important health problem in the developing world. The transmission of S. typhi most often occurs through food and water, which have been contaminated by faeces from carriers and infected humans. Prevalence of carriers is a factor in transmission. The population under study lacked access to clean and safe water. Patients practiced self medication with inadequate dosing leading to relapsing infections and chronic carrier state. With this, there is a need to determine the actual dissemination index of the salmonella organism in the locality. The isolation from stool, blood and water samples were made using enrichment broths and selective media. Identification of isolates was carried out using standard methods. Characterization was done using O and H polyvalent sera. The total number of infected subjects within the 15 household was 22 (36.7%) among whom 10 (16.7%) were confirmed carriers. The total number/percentage infected by carrier contact was 9 (39.1%). Consumption of well water gave rise to the highest (60.0%) attack rate of typhoid fever infection. The continuance exposure to contaminated water source could be consistent to incessant and relapsing typhoid fever attacks in exposed individuals. Chronic carriers pose great risk to other members of the household, therefore regular screening is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of <i>Salmonella bacilli</i> through Carriers and Domestic Water Sources in Enugu Urban/Peri-Urban of Nigeria

Eleazar¹,

Philip²,

Ogeneh³

2015

AiM

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Case Fatality Rate of Enteric Fever in Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Pieters

Saad

Antillón

et al. 2018

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Prevalence of Typhoidal Salmonella Infections and Associated Risk factors in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Omotola

Ogbonna

Iheukwumere

2020

JoMMID

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Salmonella species Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, types A, B, and C are the causative agents of enteric fever. This disease continues to pose a severe threat to public health, especially in developing countries. This study investigated the prevalence of typhoidal Salmonella infections and the associated risk factors in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Methods: A questionnaire was used to obtain information from 250 patients attending four selected government hospitals and 50 healthy individuals as the control. Blood samples from participants were obtained to determine the blood groups and genotypes, and stool specimens were used to isolate typhoidal Salmonella species. Results: Thirty cases were among symptomatic patients and two among controls showing a total prevalence of 10.6%. Among the 32 isolates, 25 were S. typhi (78.1%), and seven were S. paratyphi A (21.9%), revealing an approximate ratio of 4:1. Factors significantly associated with the infection prevalence included age, source of drinking water, and frequency of infection. Blood groups and genotypes were not statistically associated with the infection; however, individuals with blood group O and genotype AA were more commonly infected. Also, females, the age group 20-29, singles, and unemployed, showed more infections. Conclusion: The prevalence, the ratio of typhoidal Salmonella species, and the associated risk factors call for public health and control measures, including the provision of suitable drinking water and improving living and sanitary conditions.

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Typhoid: A Record of Cases in Sokoto, Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Dissemination of <i>Salmonella bacilli</i> through Carriers and Domestic Water Sources in Enugu Urban/Peri-Urban of Nigeria

Dissemination of <i>Salmonella bacilli</i> through Carriers and Domestic Water Sources in Enugu Urban/Peri-Urban of Nigeria

Case Fatality Rate of Enteric Fever in Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Prevalence of Typhoidal Salmonella Infections and Associated Risk factors in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

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Typhoid: A Record of Cases in Sokoto, Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Dissemination of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella bacilli&lt;/i&gt; through Carriers and Domestic Water Sources in Enugu Urban/Peri-Urban of Nigeria

Dissemination of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella bacilli&lt;/i&gt; through Carriers and Domestic Water Sources in Enugu Urban/Peri-Urban of Nigeria

Case Fatality Rate of Enteric Fever in Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Prevalence of Typhoidal Salmonella Infections and Associated Risk factors in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

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Product

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Dissemination of <i>Salmonella bacilli</i> through Carriers and Domestic Water Sources in Enugu Urban/Peri-Urban of Nigeria

Dissemination of <i>Salmonella bacilli</i> through Carriers and Domestic Water Sources in Enugu Urban/Peri-Urban of Nigeria